Conclusion of assignment socio-religious reform movements
Answers
This study has shown that the socio-religious reform movements of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were radically different from similar movements in the past. It was largely shaped by the colonial discourse on modernity. Colonialism was much more than another account of economic and political imperialism in human history. It was seen and implemented as a “civilizing mission,” an ideology based on an epistemology created by Europeans to legitimize their exploitation of the “other.” Colonial discourse introduced European categories and concepts into everyday habits of thought and set the agenda for reformers. That is, ideas expressed by Orientalists became the framework for the reformers to understand and interpret their own religious and cultural traditions. They argued that the major themes of colonial discourse, such as the idea of progress, the spirit of scientific rationality, the equality of women, reforming Oriental degeneracy, modern education as “useful knowledge,” and the inevitability of a secular nation-state, were fully compatible with their own. Western canons, which were considered as universally valid and culturally neutral, though originated in Europe, became all the more important for them because modernization was the overall purpose of their reform movements. However, though they motivated people to embrace modernity, they held fairly ambivalent attitudes toward its inclination, toward individualism, materialism, intolerance, and secularization. The colonial discourse on modernity, therefore, needs to be taken seriously when analyzing socio-religious reform movements of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
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Answer:
These social and religious reform movements arose among all communities of the Indian people. They attacked bigotry, superstition and the hold of the priestly class. Sati was declared illegal (1829). Infanticide was declared illegal.
Widow remarriage was permitted by a law passed in 1856. Marriageable age of girls was
raised to ten by a law passed in 1860.
A law passed in 1872, sanctioned inter-caste and inter-communal marriages. The other
law passed in 1891, aimed at discouraging child marriage.
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