Question

Conclusion of chapter no 19 ' Human Development' in S.S of 10th std​

Answer 1

Answer:Human is the most important resource

Explanation:

Chapter Six: Summary and Conclusion

In 1990s the concept of human development has emerged as the ultimate goal of development by

differing from the conventional approach to economic growth, capital formation, and basic

human needs. Along with other premises, it states that the link between economic growth and

human development is not automatic, a substantial reduction in population growth rate is

absolutely essential for improvement in human development and the average progress in human

development conceal large disparities within regions of the country. The levels and changes in

human development are influenced by many factors ranging from macro economic to micro

factors through intermediate variables like government expenditure and government policies and

programmes. India had witnessed shift in major policy issues such as economic reform in 1991,

shift from maternal and child health to reproductive and child health approach and many other

developmental programmes in 1990s.

In this context this research attempts to examine the state of human development of the

country and states with help of a set of composite indices. It examines the inter district variation

in the overall level of development in the country/state by constructing alternative indices. Three

sets of alternative indices (using 4 variables of census, 6 variables of RCH and 10 variables of

census and RCH) are computed to examine the overall progress as well as validity of these

indices.

The followings are the main findings of this research:

1. During 1990s the progress in human development is significant and positive for the

country. The higher economic growth, price stability and social development are some of

the achievement for the country. But the rising unemployment, growing inter-state

disparity in level of development and gender disparity are some of the most pressing

challenges ahead.  

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2. It is found that the states that performed poorly in economic development are also

performed poorly in human development.

3. The strong correlation of HDI with birth rate and infant mortality rate suggest that

improvement in human development would help to achieve demographic goals.

4. On methodological component it is found that the HDI depict the state of average

progress while the HPI is not suitable in Indian context. The construction of GDI is

constrained by on availability of data on income by sex.

5. It is felt that the improvement in human development in poor performing states is

unlikely to improve without control on population growth.

6. The broad distribution of districts on alternative composite indices remains the same.

District, which perform poorly in one index also poor in the other.

7. The construction of composite index revealed that there is large inter district variation in

the level of development within the state. For example, in Uttar Pradesh there are some

districts, which are well above national average while there are many backward districts

in developed states as well.

On the basis of these findings the following are some of the policy implications

With rising population, the greatest challenge in the coming years would be to provide

employment opportunities for the growing labour force.

The second important implication is the large inter-state disparity not only on economic

development but also on human development. The states, which are economically better off,

performed well in human development while the states, which are at the bottom of economic

progress, also have low state of human development. The SDPP and the composite indices such

as HDI, GDI and HPI support the argument. Thus there is an urgent need to focus on industrial  

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and agricultural development in poor performing states like Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh. The

third implication is that the HPI is not suitable in Indian context.

Finally, districts with low value in composite indices should be given priority in improving the

state of reproductive and child health as well as in overall level of development.

Answer 2

Explanation:

Human development includes basic health, education, and income of a person. Human Development Index study on the composition of three major sectors in the growth of a person. HDI is used to provide ranks to a country according to its growth.

The HDI considers three indicators of human development, namely,

1. The HDI considers three indicators of human development, namely, life expectancy
2. education
3. per capita income.

Human development is defined as the process of enlarging people's freedoms and opportunities and improving their well-being. Human development is about the real freedom ordinary people have to decide who to be, what to do, and how to live. The human development concept was developed by economist Mahbub ul Haq.

It may be destructive for the other.

1. Income is the most important component of development, but along with income, people also seek equal treatment, good health, peace, literacy, etc.
2. For development, people look at mixed goals. (1) Different people have different developmental goals.