Conclusion of relief and climate
Answers
The Indian Relief Features can be divided in Six DivisionsThe HimalayasThe Indo – Gangetic plainThe Peninsular plateauThe coastal plainsThe Desert (The Thar)The IslandsThe Himalayas
Geographically called The Northern Mountains because it lies in the northern border of India, the Himalayas are the great arc of mountains, considered to be the youngest mountains in the world, which are structurally folded. The Indian Himalayan Region is that portion of the great mountains that are within India. The Himalayas stretches from the northern states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, to the hilly regions of two Eastern states, Assam and West Bengal. It facilitates the monsoon winds which in turn influences the Indian climate, and not only climate it also facilitates agriculture and is also an abode to diverse flora and fauna. Formed by the sedimentary rocks these are the highest ranges of the world with its tallest peak being Mt. Everest, and Kanchenjunga—on the Sikkim–Nepal border—is the highest point in the area administered by India. It has got three major geographical parallel ranges- Himadri, Himachal, and Shivaliks.
The Himalayas protects India from the frigid Katabatic winds and perennial rivers like the Ganga, Brahmaputra, Indus flow originate from it.
The Indo – Gangetic plain
Known as the Great Plains, Indo- Gangetic Plains are large alluvial plains dominates by rivers like Ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra because their interaction with their tributaries led to its formation. It is located in the Southern part of the Himalayan region and is one of the most farmed areas with heavy population owing to the alluvial soil that’s rich & fertile favourable for cultivation. Also the availability of plenty of water and the climatic conditions supports the agricultural viability of this place, the major crops grown here being rice and wheat. Encompassing an area of 700,000 km2 it is classified in four divisions-
The BhabarbeltThe Tarai beltThe Bangar beltThe Khadar beltThe Peninsular Plateau
Also known as the Peninsular Plateau is a tableland surrounded by the sea on three sides. The Indian peninsula was a part of the Gondwanaland, and thus this tableland was formed when Gondwanaland broke and the pieces drifted apart. It is composed of old crystalline, igneous and metamorphic rocks and consists of both broad, shallow valleys, and rounded hills with no high peak of global fame in these hills. The Peninsular Plateau consists of – Vindhya range, Malwa Plateau, Deccan Plateau which is a large triangular plateau and gives rise to peninsular rivers like Godavari, the Krishna, the Kaveri and the Mahanadi, Chota Nagpur Plateau, Satpura Range, Aravali range, Eastern and the Western Ghats. Unlike the plain regions, the plateau region is not much suited for agriculture.
The Coastal Plains
The southern part of the peninsular plateau is bordered by narrow coastal strips along the Arabian sea on the west and the Bay of Bengal on the east, these Coastal plains are divided as Eastern Coastal Plain and Western Coastal Plain.
The Eastern Coastal Plain is a flatter and wider stretch of land lying between Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal, stretching from Tamil Nadu in the south to West Bengal in the east. Owing to being drained by rivers like mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery in these plains, Eastern Coastal Plain is fertile. It is flanked by lakes like Chilka, Kolleru and pulicat.
The Western Coastal Plains is comparatively a narrow strip of land lying between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea. There’s no delta formation in these plains as not no major rivers are engaged in the sedimentation process. The Western Coastal Plain can be divided into – Konkan and Malabar Coast. It receives more rainfall and is famous for cash crops.
The Desert (The Thar)
Ranked amongst the largest deserts of the world, the maximum portion of the desert is situated in Rajasthan, actually, it is located on the leeward side of Aravalis. The Thar desert consists of craggy rock forms, compacted salt-lake bottoms, and interdunal and fixed dune areas experiencing very low rainfall only from July- September owing to the southwest monsoon ranging from 100 to 150 mm per year. The temperatures approximately range from 0 degree in the winters to about 50 degrees in Summer. Luna is the only river flowing in The Thar.
The Islands
India’s two major island formations that are also classified as Union territories are- The Lakshadweep and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Lying 200 to 440 km off the coast of Kerela the Lakshadweep islands encompasses an area of about 32 square Km which consists of twelve atolls, three reefs, and five submerged banks, with a total of about 35 islands and islets.
Located in Bay of Bengal near Myanmar coast, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands consists of 572 islands that run in a North-South axis for around 910 km and houses India’s only active volcano Barren island.
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