Question

Conclusion on major realms of the earth

Answer 1

§ The four realms of the earth are:i. Lithosphere - the solid portion of earthii. Hydrosphere - all the water bodies on earthiii. Atmosphere - the blanket of air around usiv. Biosphere - the living world§ The outermost solid layer of earth, made up of rocks and soil, is called the Lithosphere. It is also called the crust of the earth.§ About 71% of the total area of lithosphere is covered by water. Theremaining 29% is occupied by land.§ The large masses of land are called continents, while the vast water bodies are called oceans.§ The dead remains of plants and animals is called humus§ The earth is divided into three concentric layers. They are:i. Crustii. Mantleiii. Core
Thehydrosphere(fromGreekὕδωρhydōr, "water"[1]and σφαῖραsphaira, "sphere"[2]) is the combined mass ofwaterfound on, under, and above the surface of aplanet,minor planetornatural satellite.It has been estimated that there are 1386 million cubic kilometers of water on Earth.[3]This includes waterin liquid and frozen forms in groundwater, oceans, lakes and streams. Saltwater accounts for 97.5% of this amount.Fresh wateraccounts for only 2.5%. Of this fresh water, 68.9% is in the form of ice and permanent snow cover in the Arctic, the Antarctic, and mountain glaciers. 30.8% is in the form of freshgroundwater. Only 0.3% of the fresh water on Earth
Anatmosphere(fromGreekἀτμός(atmos), meaning 'vapor', andσφαῖρα(sphaira), meaning 'sphere'[1][2]) is a layer ofgasessurrounding aplanetorothermaterial body, that is held in place by thegravityof that body. An atmosphere is more likely to be retained if the gravity it is subject to ishigh and the temperature of the atmosphere is low.Theatmosphere of Earthis mostly composed ofnitrogen(about 78%),oxygen(about 21%),argon(about 0.9%) with carbon dioxide and other gases in trace amounts. Oxygen is used by mostorganismsforrespiration, nitrogen isfixedby bacteria andlightningto produceammoniaused in the construction ofnucleotidesandamino acidsandcarbon dioxideis used byplants,algaeandcyanobacteriaforphotosynthesis. The atmosphere helps protect living organisms from genetic damage bysolarultravioletradiation,solar windandcosmic rays. Its current composition is the product of billions of years of biochemical modification of thepaleoatmosphereby living organisms.Thebiosphere(fromGreekβίοςbíos"life" and σφαῖραsphaira"sphere") also known as theecosphere(from Greek οἶκοςoîkos"environment" and σφαῖρα), is the worldwide sum of allecosystems. The two joined words are "bio" and "sphere". It can also be termed as the zone oflifeonEarth, a closed system (apart fromsolarandcosmic radiationandheatfrom the interior of the Earth), and largely self-regulating.[1]By the most generalbiophysiologicaldefinition, the biosphere is the globalecologicalsystem integrating allliving beingsand their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of thelithosphere,geosphere,hydrosphere, andatmosphere. The biosphere is postulated to haveevolved, beginningwith a process ofbiopoiesis(life created naturally from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds) orbiogenesis(life created from living matter), at least some 3.5 billion years ago