Conclusion on metals and non-metals for project.
Answers
Answer:
Metals and Non-metals are elements that exist in our surroundings. So, it is essential to know whether a particular element is either a metal or non-metal. Materials can be further divided into metals and non-metals. The characteristic feature of metals like aluminum and copper is a high thermal and electrical conductivity, whereas non-metals like sulfur and phosphorus metal are the insulators. These elements are distinguished based on their properties.
Metals
Metals are the materials possessing or holding the characteristics of being hard, fusible, shiny, malleable, ductile, and so on. A few examples of metals (materials) are Silver, Gold, Copper, Aluminium, Iron, and many more.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Metals
A few of the physical and chemical properties of Metals are given below in a brief manner.
Physical Properties of Metals
Malleability
The property of metals by which they may be beaten into thin sheets is malleability. An example is a silver metal beaten to make silver foil used for sweets decoration.
Ductility
Ductility is the property of metals by the virtue which can be drawn into thin wires. Examples are copper, iron which can be drawn into thin wires.
Conductivity
Metals are the good conductors of heat and electricity. The best conductors of electricity are copper and silver. However, Mercury and lead are poor conductors. Except for Caesium and Gallium, they also have a high melting point.
Solid
All the metals are solid, except Mercury. At room temperature, Mercury remains in a liquid state. The exceptional metals are Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), and Mercury. Metals like Potassium (K) and Sodium (Na) are easily cut with a knife. Other examples of metals are copper, silver, iron, aluminum, gold, calcium, and more.
Chemical Properties of Metals
A few of the chemical properties of metals are listed below.
Usually, the density of metals is high
Metals are ductile, malleable
Metals forms alloy with other metals or non-metals
More metals produce the metal oxide, and highly reactive metals react violently by burning in the oxygen of the air
Metals like sodium, potassium are stored in oil as they react with air in seconds and are highly reactive
Less reactive metals like silver, gold, platinum, and more do not tarnish easily. They stay lustrous and shiny.
Non-metals
Non-metals do not hold the characteristics of metals; it means they are not hard, shiny, fusible, malleable, ductile, and so on. Many materials like Sulphur, coal are too soft and dull in appearance. They can be broken down into very fine thin powdery mass when tapped with a hammer. They are neither sonorous nor very poor conductors of heat and electricity. Non-metals examples are oxygen, carbon, Sulphur, and more.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Non-metals
A few of the physical and chemical properties of non-metals are given below in a brief manner.
Physical properties of Non-metals
Non-metals may be of solids, liquids, or gases
Except for Graphite, non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity
They don’t possess metallic luster
Non-metals do not produce a ringing sound and are not sonorous
Non-metals possess no malleability and are not ductile
Except for iodine, they have a dull luster
Examples of non-metals are oxygen, carbon, Sulphur, phosphorous, and many more
Chemical properties of Non-metals
A few of the chemical properties of non-metals are listed below.
Except for Graphite and Gas carbon, non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals aren’t ductile and malleable unlike metals
These react more with metals compared to non-metals.
Non-metals usually react with other non-metals at high temperatures
Most non-metals don’t react with air at room temperature
The only non-metal is white phosphorus that reacts with air to form its oxide by burning
Differentiate Between Metals and Non-metals
A few of the difference between metal and non-metal are tabulated below.
Metals
Non-metals
Metals are sonorous in nature, it means produces sound when hit by an object
Non-metals do not produce any sound
Metals are good reducing agent because it loses electrons easily from its valance shell
Non-metals are good oxidizing agent because it accepts electrons in its outermost shell
React with oxygen to form basic oxides
Usually react with oxygen to form acidic oxides
These have low ionization enthalpy
These have high ionization enthalpy
Loses electrons to form electropositive ions
Accepts electrons to form electronegative ions
Metals contain 1-3 electrons in their outermost shell
Non-metals contain 4-8 electrons in their outermost shell
Metals are lustrous, i.e., having a shining appearance
Non-metals are dull in appearance
Metals are malleable
Non-metals are not malleable