Conduct the survey in your locality with any people identity which sector they are employed in, write a brief note about their work What relationship do you see between their employment and place of residence?
Answers
The journey to work is a basic fact of urban living. As such, it constitutes one of the basic problems in city planning. A proper study of this journey to work can give us insight into the organization of the city, since the journey to work involves the major elements of city planning — that is, the separation and relation between various types of urban land use. In addition, a properly designed study can provide us with a measure of a city's efficiency. Kate Liepmann, in her book, "The Journey to Work," states:
"The journey to work is a test of the urban lay-out; excessive costs and hardships of daily traveling can be taken as a symptom that something is wrong with the form of the town or connurbation." (1)
There are few cities which can pass this test with a good grade, and yet, one of our goals in city planning is to evolve a pattern which will minimize these excessive costs and hardships without sacrificing the desirable separation between land uses having conflicting demands.
An adequate study of the journey to work can not only point out the imbalances and inefficiencies of the existing city pattern but can also serve as an invaluable guide for future policy decisions. Policy decisions must be made as to whether or not to extend a transportation system, in what direction to expand it, what to do about new industrial districts, where to place new housing projects, etc. These decisions should be based, in part, on an understanding of daily travel patterns.
For example, if a new housing project site is under consideration, one of the factors in the deliberation should be the location of the site with relation to centers of employment. We will want to ask: What type of people will live in this project? Where do they work now? In what areas of the city will job opportunities be open to them? What means of transportation to work do they usually employ? How far and how long will they be willing to travel to work?
The problem is, thus, not only one of relating various land uses, but also the even more complicated one of relating specific persons with specific skills and job opportunities to places of employment which, in turn, require these skills and capacities.
Looked at from the other side, there is the problem of locating a new industrial plant. In deciding on a location, not only are site, environment, taxes, etc., important, but also the plant must be within a "journey-to-work" distance of a labor pool with the requisite skills and wage requirements. If the journey to work is excessive, the plant will find it difficult to obtain its labor force, unless it chooses to offer wages which are high enough to compensate for the hardships of commutation. There is a limit, too, beyond which no wage is sufficient compensation.
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