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Congenital abnormalities definition of female reproductive system notes

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Answered by XSMARTYSID
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The diseases which are genetically caused are the congenital abnormilities normally they are called syndromes..

Their are various syndromes such as

Down Syndrome

Klenfelter syndrome

Turner Syndrome.

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Ovary


The gonads of the female are called ovaries and the cells that they produce are known as ova or egg-cells. Each female has a pair of oval-shaped structure, about the size of an almond. Each ovary measures 3.5 x 2.5 x 11.5 cms and weighs about 8-10 gms. They are situated at the back of the abdominal cavity at the hip level. An ovary consists of the following:

The Germinal Epithelium: It is the outer part of the ovaries from which the primitive graafian follicles develop. :

Tunica Albugina: This is made up of connective tissues found under the germinal epithelium.

Stroma: It is a connective tissue network continuous with Tunica albugina and containing involuntary muscle fibres. It supports the ovarian tissues and carries blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves.


Graafian Follicles : These, are small islands of cells found at the peripheral part of the ovary. The female gametes called ova are produced in the graafian follicles. When an ovum matures, the follicle in which it develops bursts. The follicle usually takes 10-14 days. This process of rupture of graafian follicle is called the 'ovulation'. Female gamete (ovum) produced, during ovulation is secreted.

Corpus luteum: When the follicle ruptures Corpus luteum develops. In the absence of pregnancy, it persists upto 27th day and degenerates on the 28th day. If pregnancy occurs it persists to about 4 to 5 months. It secretes progesterone which is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy.

Interstitial Cells: These are polyhedral cells found in between follicles. These cells secrete oestrogen.

Functions



Produce ova and expel one at approximately 28 days interval during the reproductive life.



Secretes hormones (Oestrogen and progesterone). Oestrogen influences secondary sex characteristics and is responsible for



the changes in the accessory organs of reproduction. Progesterone prepares the uterus for the reception of the fertilized ovum - implantation, the development of the placenta, development of the mammary glands, and inducing multiplication of the uterine muscle fibres.

Fallopian Tubes

Close to each ovary there is a narrow tube about 10 cm long with an open end which looks like a fringe of petals. These tubes are called the fallopian tubes. These are attached to the uterus at its upper outer angles.

Vagina

It is a muscular membranous tube situated between the rectum and the urethra.

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