consequences of anomalous expansion of water
Answers
2.awuatic animals can easily survive inside the water if the above surface is freezed
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(i) The anamolous expansion of water helps in preserving the aquatic life during the very cold weather
In cold weather when the atmospheric starts falling well below 0⁰C, water at the surface of a pond or lake initially at temperature above 4⁰C, begins to radiate heat to the atmosphere above 4⁰C, begins to radiate heat to the atmosphere, so the temperature of water starts falling upto 4⁰C. When temperature of water at the surface falls, water contracts so it's density increases and therefore, it sinks to the bottom. This continues till temperature of entire water reaches to 4⁰C. Now, further cooling of water and so it's density decreses. As a result, water does not sink further, but it remains on the surface. When the temperature of atmosphere falls below 0⁰C, water on the surface rejects heat to the atmosphere and gradually freezes into ice, but water well below the ice layer remains at 4⁰C. The water layer just below the ice in contact with it will be at 0⁰C. Since Ice is a poor conductor of heat, so ice now prevents the flow of heat from water if pond(or lake) to the atmosphere. Thus temperature of water in contact with ice is at 0⁰C, while the temperature of water layers below the ice gradually increases to 4⁰C. As a result, fish and other aquatic creatures remain alive in water, though the water on the surface has frozen into ice.
(ii) The anamolous expansion of water is responsible for the burst of water pipe lines, and destruction of crop during very cold nights.
In winter nights, as the atmospheric temperature starts falling below 4⁰C, water in pipe lines expands and it exerts large pressure on the pipes causing them to burst. Plants also die for the same reason as their capillaries burst when water expands below 4⁰C.