Consider a forest near Indore. The local body has cleared around 70 % of the vegetation of the forest in the last two years for developing housing. Scientists observed that the amount of nitrogen in soil in that region has decreased and nitrogen in groundwater has increased. Explain these observations.
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Answer:
GIAHS), as defined by the FAO (Food and
Agriculture Organization of the UNO), are: "Remarkable land use systems and landscapes which are rich
in globally significant biological diversity evolving from the co-adaptation of a community with its
environment and its needs and aspirations for sustainable development". Worldwide, specific agricultural
systems and landscapes have been created, shaped and maintained by generations of farmers and herders
based on diverse natural resources, using locally adapted management practices. Building on local
knowledge and experience, these ingenious agricultural systems reflect the evolution of humankind, the
diversity of its knowledge, and its profound relationship with nature. These systems have resulted not only
in outstanding landscapes, maintenance and adaptation of globally significant agricultural biodiversity,
indigenous knowledge systems and resilient ecosystems, but, above all, in the sustained provision of
multiple goods and services, food and livelihood security for millions of local community members and
indigenous peoples, well beyond their borders. For millennia communities of farmers, herders, fishers and
forest people have developed complex, diverse, and locally adapted agricultural systems. These systems
have been managed with time-tested, ingenious combinations of techniques and practices that have
usually led to community food security, and the conservation of natural resources and biodiversity.
Agricultural heritage systems can still be found throughout the world covering about 5 million hectares,
which provide a vital combination of social, cultural, ecological and economical services to humankind.
These “Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems-GIAHS” have resulted not only in outstanding
landscapes of aesthetic beauty, maintenance of globally significant agricultural biodiversity, resilient
ecosystems and a valuable cultural heritage. Above all these systems sustainabley provide multiple goods
and services, food and livelihood security for millions of poor and small farmers. The existence of
numerous GIAHS around the world testifies to the inventiveness and ingenuity of people in their use and
management of the finite resources, biodiversity and ecosystem dynamics, and ingenious use of physical
attributes of the landscape, codified in traditional but evolving knowledge, practices and technologies.
Whether recognized or not by the scientific community, these ancestral agricultural systems constitute the
foundation for contemporary and future agricultural innovations and technologies. Their cultural,
ecological and agricultural diversity is still evident in many parts of the world, maintained as unique
systems of agriculture. Through a remarkable process of co-evolution of Humankind and Nature, GIAHS
have emerged over centuries of cultural and biological interactions and synergies, representing the
accumulated experiences of rural peoples.
Explanation: