Question

Consider a solution of hydrobromic acid, HBr.
If you draw a particle view of this acid with 10 H+ ions, how many
Br −ions would you need? Explain your thinking.

Answer 1

Answer:

A process for the production of fatty acids comprising the following steps:

(a) mixing specific ratios of fatty acid ester or mixtures thereof, with water and acid catalyst to form a single phase reaction mixture; and

(b) heating the single phase reaction mixture to a temperature of from about 70° C. to about 110° C.;

wherein the acid catalyst is substituted or non-substituted linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acid; wherein the initial stoichiometric ratio of water to ester is at least about 1:1; wherein the initial stoichiometric ratio of any residual amount of carboxylic acid, as a fatty acid ester impurity, to ester is less than 1:1 when said carboxylic acid contains less than 6 carbon atoms; wherein the ratios of acid catalyst/water/ester are the points in the area enclosed by the straight lines connecting points A (6.5/8.5/85) (catalyst/water/ester), B (90/0/10), C (96/2/2), D (1/97/2), E (21/49.5/29.5), F (11/27/62), G (8/24/68), and A (6.5/8.5/85), of FIG. 1, in order, excluding the shaded area, wherein the reaction mixture is essentially free of C2 -C5 carboxylic acid, and wherein the fatty acid ester has the formula: ##STR6## wherein R is a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic chain having from 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and R2 is a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic chain having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.