Consider a time when you responded to a situation that appeared unjust, only to find out later that you were operating with some faulty assumptions. Or maybe someone else had made a judgment based on incomplete information. Was action taken based on these misconceptions? Did you (or another person) have to reevaluate a series of events based on new information?
Answers
Explanation:
Explain how two people can see the same thing and interpret it differently.
List the three determinants of attribution.
Describe how shortcuts can assist in or distort our judgment of others.
Explain how perception affects the decision-making process.
Outline the six steps in the rational decision-making model.
Describe the actions of the boundedly rational decision maker.
List and explain eight (8) common decision biases or errors.
Identify the conditions in which individuals are most likely to use intuition in decision making.
Describe four styles of decision making.
Contrast the three ethical decision criteria
Perception
What is Perception?
A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.
Why is it Important?
Because people’s behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself. The world that is perceived is the world that is behaviorally important.
Factors Influencing Perception
· The Perceiver – attitudes, motives, interests, experiences, expectations
· The Target – novelty, motions, sounds, size, background, proximity, similarity
· The Situation – time, work setting, social situation
Person Perception: Making Judgments About Others
Attribution Theory
· When individuals observe behavior, they attempt to determine whether it is internally (under the personal control of the individual) or externally (outside causes “force” you to behave a certain way) caused.
Fundamental Attribution Error
· The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others.
Self-Serving Bias
– The tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors.
Attribution Theory - Frequently Used Shortcuts in Judging Others
- Selective Perception
– People selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their interest, background, experience, and attitudes.
- Halo Effect
– Drawing a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic.
- Contrast Effects
– Evaluations of a person’s characteristics that are affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics.
- Projection
– Attributing one’s own characteristics to other people
- Stereotyping
– Judging someone on the basis of one’s perception of the group to which that person belongs.