Question

Construction , working and application of periscope

Answer 1

A periscope is an optical instrument that allows objects that are not in direct line of sight to be viewed. Periscopes have proven to be of great help to submariners by allowing these professions to have a view above the surface of water and aid in navigation under water.

A simple periscope only requires mirrors, whereas a more complicated periscope utilizes prisms rather than mirrors. The periscopes used in submarine applications are complex, typically requiring the use of tubes that are at least 10 meters in length to achieve a greater range of scope.

Recent developments in science and technology have incorporated the use of fiber optics in periscopes. Fiber optic periscopes, such as cystoscopes and endoscopes, are used by medical physicians to view the organs of a human body without requiring invasive procedures. The working principle, construction and applications of periscopes are discussed in the sections below.

Working Principle

A periscope works on the Laws of Reflection which states that the light from the object falls on one mirror at a 45o angle from the object and is reflected. This reflected light then falls on another mirror and is again reflected until it reaches the human eye.

Construction

Periscopes can be constructed using a pair of flat mirrors or prisms and a rectangular hollow tube that has a viewing window at the top and bottom of the tube. The mirrors within this structure are fixed at an angle of 45o at the two ends of the rectangular hollow.

Applications

Periscopes are found in a variety of applications; however, they are almost synonymous with their use in submarines for general navigation and detection, as well as radar and their ability to determine potential nearby threats. In a similar 'threat detection' application, periscopes are often used on battlefields to look out of trenches safely without exposing the observer's body. One of the most widely used applications for periscopes is in medicine, as a result of their ability to be less obtrusive method diagnostic techniques as compared to surgical procedures.

Answer 2

The periscope is a simple and effective device that uses mirrors to reflect an image from one location to another. It has a wide range of applications, including use in submarines, tanks, and other vehicles where direct observation is not possible.

A periscope is an optical instrument consisting of two mirrors arranged at 45-degree angles and placed parallel to each other in a tube. The upper mirror reflects an image from above to the lower mirror, which then reflects the image to the viewer's eye.

Periscopes are commonly used in submarines to allow the crew to see above the water level while the submarine remains submerged. The periscope is placed vertically through the conning tower and extends above the waterline, allowing the crew to see the surface of the water and any ships or boats in the vicinity.

Periscopes can also be used in other applications where it is not possible or practical to see an object directly, such as in tanks, reconnaissance vehicles, and underground tunnels. In these applications, the periscope allows the user to see the surrounding area without exposing themselves to danger.

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