Constructs of childhood in the context of globalization side headings
Answers
Answer:
Globalisation has totally changed the meaning of childhood. Children have become more advanced and technologically sound with the help of this process. Besides this, Children are moving far away from their culture and tradition as a result of this process.
Explanation:
Globalization is driven by various new development and gradual changes in the world economy. Generally, organizations go global for expanding their markets and increasing their sales and profits. One of the major forces of globalization is the expansion of communication systems.
There are three main classifications of globalisation for the A-level politics student: political, social and economic.
Political globalisation. Political globalisation refers to the amount of political co-operation that exists between different countries. ...
Social globalisation. ...
Economic globalisation.
In relation to children and childhood, thinking about globalization has tended to focus on education, issues of exploitation (particularly with regard to sex work, trafficking, and war), citizenship/rights, and, to some degree, media and technology
Globalisation has totally changed the meaning of childhood. Children have become more advanced and technologically sound with the help of this process. Besides this, Children are moving far away from their culture and tradition as a result of this process.
Globalization is generally defined as a set of processes and contexts emerging out of the nexus of capitalism, technology, and social change. More specifically, while globalization can be understood as having begun well before the industrial era, globalization tends to be characterized as salient particularly from the 1970s onward. Typified by growing corporate economic power eclipsing that of the nation-state, globalization is often linked in analysis to rising ideologies and practices of neoliberalism. For its part, neoliberalism emphasizes the efforts of the individual, seeks to minimize the role of government, and is particularly critical of efforts to ameliorate systemic social inequalities. The implications for children and childhood have been profound: definitions of children and childhood, enshrined most clearly in the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of the Child, now circulate globally. Powerful ideas about proper childhood and child rights are at work, especially in the context of development initiatives and the work of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) such as UNICEF. Children themselves are also in global circulation through migration, displacement, trafficking, and transnational adoption. As media and technologies from cell phones to television have proliferated, children have become objects and agents of a host of images, apps, and practices that are at once geographically and culturally specific and unified across time and space. In relation to children and childhood, thinking about globalization has tended to focus on education, issues of exploitation (particularly with regard to sex work, trafficking, and war), citizenship/rights, and, to some degree, media and technology. This review focuses on works that explicitly are framed around questions of globalization; in addition, because of the importance of media to discussions of globalization, there is attention paid to film and television by or about children and childhood as well.
General Overviews
Because the question of children and globalization tends to be approached from particular issues-based angles, general overviews are few. While not framed explicitly in terms of globalization, the classic and groundbreaking essay Stephens 1995 is a key starting point, addressing the range of questions that define the primary ways in which children figure in globalization processes and concerns. Essays in the UNICEF report (Cornia 2001) provide a wealth of data and outline specific opportunities and areas of concern relevant to that organization. Aitken 2001 provides a critically engaged and theoretically sophisticated analysis of the construction of childhood in the context of globalization. Using a case-study approach, Chin 2004 explores a range of specific dilemmas faced by children when definitions, legal systems, and global processes come together. One of a very few truly comparative studies of children themselves within the frame of globalization, Katz 2004 shows how urban New York City kids and rural Sudanese kids face sometimes similar, and sometimes divergent, pressures as the result of globalization’s changing demands. In an unusual move, Anoop 2003 focuses on forms of white masculinity among youth to show globalization at work in the north of England. Montgomery, et al. 2003 provides an excellent and wide-ranging introduction to key issues, and Wells 2009 is also an excellent introductory text particularly for undergraduates
Answer:
Globalization
Explanation:
Globalization can refer to a number of different areas of concentration. Globalization examples include political, economic, social and culture and technological interdependencies, in addition to informational and ecological.
Political
Political cooperation between different countries is a form of globalization that is used to prevent and manage conflict. For example, global organizations such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organization were created to diffuse political issues and maintain order on an international scale. Intergovernmental entities help nations to develop common laws and policies and discuss immigration issues. Political globalization is also a way for countries to work toward aspects that affect everyone, such as climate change.
Economic
The economies of nations are interconnected through the exchange of resources, products and money. As a result, there isn’t a country today that operates on its own in isolation. Countries that are rich in natural resources, such as oil for example, sell it to other countries for money or in exchange for other materials, such as lumber. Similarly, countries across the globe sell crops and food to other nations that lack them, which helps their own economies in addition to those of other countries. As a result, when an economy crashes, it affects other economies around the globe because they are closely interconnected. The banking crisis in the United States in 2007 led to a global financial crisis that affected other countries including Canada and China.
Cultural and Social
This kind of globalization includes the sharing of ideas, knowledge and cultural norms between nations. Examples include the popularization of books, movies and shows across the world, such as the "Harry Potter" or "Twilight" series, which were globally recognizable. Social and cultural globalization tends to flow in one direction, unlike other forms of globalization. Developed countries such as the United States, United Kingdom and Canada share cultural information with less-developed countries, rather than the other way around. As a result, this kind of globalization has been said to erode cultural differences that make nations unique.
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