Question

Contraceptive methods...marks-6,,long answer type question... needed long and pointwish answer

Answer 1

VARIOUS CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS ARE:-

1. Natural method

* periodic abstinence:-
avoidance of physical relationship from 10th to 17th day of fertility period during which ovulation take place.

*coitus interruptus :-
withdrawal of penis before ejaculation of sperm in during coitus.

*lactation amenorrhea:-
intense lactation in mother after parturation usually after 6 months in which no menstruation and no ovulation takes place, reason behind this is high level of prolactin inhibits gonadotropine (FSH,LH)

2. Barrier methods:-

*condoms
*diaphragm, cervical caps, vaults

3. chemical methods:-
Chemicals of spermicidal nature are applied to vagina before coitus. these are chemically known as Nanoxynol and are present in the form of tablet ,cream ,gel ,foams....etc

4. IUDs:- intra uterine devices or intra uterine contraceptive devices
these are being attached inside the uterus and effective for one year approx
IUD are of three types
=non medicated - e.g. Lippes loop
= copper releasing - e.g. copper T
= hormone releasing - e.g. progestasert LNG 20

5. oral contracepting pills:-
drugs made up of synthetic progesterone or mixture of both progesterone and oestrogen
these are also of two types
=mini pills
=combined pills
mini pills contain progestin only and combined pills with both progesteron and oestrogen

6. subcutaneous implants:-
6 matchsticks sized capsules in a kitin inserted subcutaneously just below the skin above elbow on the inner surface
they release progesterone in blood which is effective for 5 years maximum

7. hormone injection:-
injection of hormone of synthetic progesterone effective for three months approx

8.surgical methods:-
this is an Irreversible technique of birth control in which surgical ligation of both male and female
= Vasectomy for male - to cut and fold vas deferens
= tubectomy for females also known as tubal ligation - to cut and fold of fallopian tube

Answer 2

Hey....Rittika meli pyali sis.....☺️❤️☺️
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[ First of all I would like to say "SORRY" my sis...for responding late....due to some health issues..... ]

✔️Now, your answer is :-------

☛Methods of contraceptive
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Methods of contraceptive are divided into mainly six categories :----

☑️1.) NATURAL METHODS :---
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These are natural methods that works on the principle of avoiding the meeting of ovum and sperm.
For example :------
◼️a.) Periodic Abstinence :--
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
It is a method in which a couple avoids from coitus from day 10-17 of menstrual cycle, because it is the period of ovulation at it's high chance.

◼️b.) Coitus Interruptus :--
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
It is the withdrawal method in which male partner withdraw his penis from the vagina just before ejaculation to avoid insemination.

◼️c.) Lactational Amenorrhea :--
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
It is based on the principle of that during the period of lactation after parturition, ovulation does not occur.

☑️2.) ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE :---
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This method involves to take pills in regular manner....
Pills have high contraceptive value and few side effects.
For example :--
"Saheli"
An oral contraceptive for females containing a non-steroidal preparation.

☑️3.) BARRIER METHODS :---
===========================
These are the methods in which sperm and ovum are preventing from meeting by using barrier.
For example :--
◼️a.) Condoms :--
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
It is made up of thin rubber sheath used to cover the penis in the male or vagina and cervix in females.
So, ejaculated semen don't entry into vagina of female.

◼️b.) Spermicidal Creams, jellies and foams :--
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These all barrier are used to increase their contraceptive efficiency.

☑️4.) INTRA UTERINE DEVICES (IUDs) :---
=====================================
These devices are inserted by doctors or expert nurses through vagina into the uterus.
Types of IUDs :--
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
◼️a.) Non-medicated IUDs----- It increases phagocytosis of sperm in the uterus.
It's example :-- Lippes loop

◼️b.) Copper releasing IUDs----- Increase phagocytosis of sperm as well as releasing copper ions which decreases the motility and fertilising of sperms.
It's example :-- CuT, Cu 7

◼️c.) Hormones releasing IUDs----- These make the uterus unsuitable for implantation.
For example :--
Progestasert, LNG - 20

☑️5.) INJECTIONS AND IMPLANT :---
=================================
This method is similar to the method of pills but their effective period are longer.

☑️6.) SURGICAL METHODS :---
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These are the permanent terminal methods in which block the transport of gametes.
It is of two types :--
◼️a.) Vasectomy :---
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In males only, small part of the vas deferens is removed and tied up through a small incision on the scrotum.

◼️b.) Tubectomy :---
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In females only, a small part of the female's fallopian tube is removed and tied up through a small in the abdomen or vagina.

Hope it will help you Rittika☺️☺️☺️
Thanks!!!☺️✌️
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