Question

contribution of scientist for development of microbiology

Answer 1

DeathMicrobiologistNationalityContribution summary1632 - 1723Antonie van LeeuwenhoekDutchConsidered to be the first acknowledged microscopist. Van Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe microscopic organisms, using simple single-lensed microscopes of his own design.[1]1729 - 1799Lazzaro SpallanzaniItalianProved that bacteria did not arise due to spontaneous generation by developing a sealed, sterile broth medium.[2][3]1749 - 1823Edward JennerEnglishDeveloped vaccinationtechniques against smallpox.[2]1818 - 1865Ignaz SemmelweisHungarianDemonstrated that doctors washing their hands with chlorine solutoin significantly reduced mortality of women giving birth in the hospital setting.[4]1853 - 1938Hans Christian GramDanishDeveloped the Gram stain used to identify and classify bacteria.[2]1845 - 1922Charles LavaranFrench1907 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the causative agents of malaria and trypanosomiasis.[2]1827 - 1912Joseph ListerEnglishIntroduced sterilisation techniques to surgery.[2][5]1822 - 1895Louis PasteurFrenchSeminal discoveries in vaccination, food safety, and microbial fermentatoion. A key proponent of the germ theory of disease.[2]1850 - 1934Fanny HesseGermanDeveloped agar for use in culturing bacteria.[2][6]1851 - 1931Martinus BeijerinckNetherlandsDiscovered the first virus as well as bacterial nitrogen fixationand sulfate reduction.1885 - 1948Marjory StephensonBritishPioneer of bacterial metabolism.1871 - 1957Kiyoshi ShigaJapaneseDiscovered a bacterium causing an outbreak of dysentery.[2][7]1854 - 1917Emil Adolf von BehringGerman1901 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for discovering diphtheria antitoxin.[8]1857 - 1932Sir Ronald RossBritish1902 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering that malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes[9]1843 - 1910Robert KochGerman1905 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work on tuberculosis; identified causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax.[10]1845 - 1922Charles Louis Alphonse LaveranFrench1907 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for recognizing parasitic protozoaas the causes of malaria and African sleeping sickness.[11]1857 - 1940Julius Wagner-JaureggAustrian1927 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the neurosyphiliscould be treated by inducing fever with malaria parasites.[12]1866 - 1936Charles Jules Henri NicolleFrench1928 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for determining that typhus is transmitted by body lice.[13]1895 - 1964Gerhard DomagkGerman1939 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovering the first commercially available antibiotic: prontosil.[14]1881 - 1955Sir Alexander FlemingScottish1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering penicillin.[15]1906 - 1979Sir Ernst Boris ChainBritish1898 - 1968Howard Walter FloreyAustralian1899 - 1972Max TheilerSouth African1951 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for developing a vaccine against yellow fever.[16]1888 - 1973Selman Abraham WaksmanAmerican1952 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for identifying streptomycin and other antibiotics.[17]