Question

Convert :
a) Methane to Propane
b) Ethyne to 2-butyne.

Answer 1

a). BY PLACING METHANE IN A DIAMOND ANVIL cell, applying the pressure of more than 1GPa and heating every thing to a temperature around 1000-1500 kelvin with a laser
it is economical harder
b). is in the pic on above

Answer 2

Answer:

The 1st one is converted by Wurtz Reaction and Gilman Reagent(R2CuLi) and the second one is converted using Liquid NH3.

Explanation:

a) Here firstly, Methane is reacted with chlorine in presence of sunlight to get methyl chloride. After that Methyl chloride is procced to Wurtz reaction i.e. Na in presence of ether, which forms ethane. After that Ethane is reacted with chlorine  (chlorination)  to form ethyl chloride. Ethyl chloride is reacted with Li in presence of ether to form Organolithium. Organolithium reacts with CuCl and LiCl to form Organocuprate or Gilman's reagent. Lastly, Gilman's Reagent reacts with methyl chloride to get our desired compound Propane.

$CH_3+ Cl_2 +hv(sunlight) = CH_3Cl\\ 2CH_3CI+Na+(dry ether) = C_2H_6 \\ C_2H_6+Cl_2 +hv (sunlight)=C_2H_5Cl\\ CH_3CH_2CI+Li/ether =CH_3CH_2Li \\C_2H_5Li+LiCl +CuCl= (C_2H_5)_2CuLi \\ (CH_3CH_2)_2CuLi+CH_3Cl = CH_3CH_2CH_3$

b) Here ethyne is reacted with liquid ammonia in presence of ether to form sodium acetylide. After then sodium acetylide is reacted with iodomethane to form our desired compound i.e.  2-Butyne.                       

$HC \equiv CH + Na +(LiqNH_3) \implies NaC\equiv CNa\\ NaC \equiv CNa + 2CH_3I \implies CH_3 C \equiv CCH_3$