convert ethyne to methyl nitrile with complete steps?
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How will you convert ethyne to ethanal?
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Hint: So, let's first convert ethyne to ethene by hydrogenation. During the catalytic hydrogenation of ethyne, ethene is formed first, which is further reduced in the next step to ethane.
Complete step by step answer: Ethyne on hydration in presence of 40% H2SO4 and 1% HgSO4 gives vinyl alcohol, which tautomerize to form acetaldehyde.
Ethanal is practically incompatible with heavy oxidizers, acids , alcohols, ammonia, amines, phenols, ketones, halogens and anhydrides. With anhydrous ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulphide, and alkaline materials (such as sodium hydroxide), it reacts violently. Sometimes, as it reacts with air, unstable peroxides are produced that can explode.
The reaction is not normally done using hydrogen cyanide itself, because this is an extremely poisonous gas. Instead, the aldehyde or ketone is mixed with a solution of sodium or potassium cyanide in water to which a little sulfuric acid has been added. The pH of the solution is adjusted to about 4 - 5, because this gives the fastest reaction. The reaction happens at room temperature. The solution will contain hydrogen cyanide (from the reaction between the sodium or potassium cyanide and the sulfuric acid), but still contains some free cyanide ions. This is important for the mechanism.