Convert verbal scale to numerical scale 1cm=45 inches
Answers
I. THREE FORMS OF SCALE. Scale is shown on maps in three ways:
A. Verbal Scale:
1 inch equals 16 miles
This example tells us that 1-inch on the map represents 16 miles on the surface of the Earth. This is the easiest scale to understand because it generally uses familiar units.
B. Graphic or Bar Scale:
______________________________________
_____16________0________16_________32_ miles
The Bar Scale is particularly important when enlarging or reducing maps by photocopy techniques because it changes with the map. If the Bar Scale is included in the photocopy, you will have an indication of the new scale.
C. Representative Fraction (RF) or Natural Scale:
1:1,000,000 (this is the same as 1/1,000,000)
The RF says that 1 of any measurement on the map equals 1 million of the same measurement on the original surface; for the example above 1-foot equals 1 million feet or 1 cm. equals 1,000,000 cm. This is the form of scale commonly used in the Map Collection. A good quality map should have both the RF and Bar Scales.
II. LARGE AND SMALL SCALE: when we speak of large-scale maps we are saying the RF is large, i.e. the RF's denominator is small. 1:10,000 and 1:62,500 maps are large scale. Small-scale maps have a small RF. 1:500,000 and 1:1,000,000 maps are small scale.
III. HOW TO CONVERT FROM ONE FORM OF SCALE TO ANOTHER. Often when using cartographic materials it is useful to convert from one form of scale to another. If you have a good understanding of the concept of scale, the techniques are fairly simple. Here is an example of converting from Verbal Scale to RF. Remember; the RF has the same unit of measurement on both sides of the colon.
1 inch equals 10 miles
1 inch = 10 miles
1 inch = 10 miles x 12 inches/foot x 5280 feet/mile
1 inch = 10 x 63360 inches = 633,600 inches
1:633,600
To convert from RF to Verbal Scale you convert the fraction to familiar units of measurements; for example:
1:250,000
1 inch = 250,000 inches
1 inch = 250,000 inches [d] 12 inches/foot = 20,833.3 feet
1 inch = 20,833.3 feet [d] 5280 feet/mile = 4 miles or
1 inch = 250,000 [d] 63360 inches/mile = 4 miles
1 inch equals 4 miles
[Note: [d] = divided by]
IV. SOME COMMON SCALES. Here is a list of RF scales commonly used in the Map Collection and their equivalent Verbal Scales.
1:24,000 - 1 in. = .379 mi. 1:250,000 - 1 in. = 4 mi.
1:62,500 - 1 in. = .986 mi. 1:500,000 - 1 in. = 7.891 mi.
1:100,000 - 1 in. = 1.578 mi. 1:1,000,000 - 1 in. = 15.783 mi.
V. HOW TO DETERMINE WHICH SCALE MAP WILL FIT ON A PARTICULAR SIZE OF PAPER. At times map users need to calculate the scale of a map that will fit on a particular size of paper. To do this you first need to determine the dimensions of the area you want on the map and then relate that to the dimensions of the new sheet.
For example you want a map of Arizona on a 8 1/2 x 11 inch piece of paper. To allow for 1/2-inch margins the new sheet will then be 7 1/2 x 10 inches. Since Arizona's north-south dimension, 395 miles, is slightly longer than its east-west dimension, 340 miles, we will place the longer north-south dimension along the longer 10-inch dimension of the paper. The next step is to compute the scales for both dimensions of the State. The smaller of the two scales will be the one we need.
North-south East-west
10 in = 395 mi 7.5 in = 340 mi
10 in = 395 mi x 63360 in/mi 7.5 in = 340 mi x 63360 in/mi
10 in [d] 10 = 25027200 in [d] 10 7.5 in [d] 7.5 = 21542400 in [d] 7.5
1 in = 2502720 in 1 in = 2872320 in
1:2,502,720 1:2,872,320
[Note: [d] = divided by]
We therefore need a map of Arizona at a scale of 1:2,872,320 or less to place it on an 8 1/2 x 11 inch sheet of paper.