Question

Correct and rewrite the statement written below:

In modern times, elected local government bodies were created after 1902.






DON'T SPAM ❌❌

Answer 1

Explanation:

THE CONSTITUTION (SEVENTY-FOURTH AMENDMENT) ACT, 1992

THE CONSTITUTION (SEVENTY-FOURTH AMENDMENT) ACT, 1992

Statement of Objects and Reasons appended to the Constitution

(Seventy-third Amendment) Bill, 1991 which was enacted as

the Constitution (Seventy-fourth Amendment) Act, 1992

STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS

In many States local bodies have become weak and ineffective on

account of a variety of reasons, including the failure to hold regular

elections, prolonged supersessions and inadequate devolution of powers

and functions. As a result, Urban Local Bodies are not able to

perform effectively as vibrant democratic units of self-government.

2. Having regard to these inadequacies, it is considered necessary

that provisions relating to Urban Local Bodies are incorporated in the

Constitution particularly for-

(i) putting on a firmer footing the relationship between the State

Government and the Urban Local Bodies with respect to-

(a) the functions and taxation powers; and

(b) arrangements for revenue sharing;

(ii) Ensuring regular conduct of elections;

(iii) ensuring timely elections in the case of supersession; and

(iv) providing adequate representation for the weaker sections like

Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and women.

3. Accordingly, it is proposed to add a new part relating to the

Urban Local Bodies in the Constitution to provide for-

(a) constitution of three types of Municipalities:

(i) Nagar Panchayats for areas in transition from a rural area to

urban area;

(ii) Municipal Councils for smaller urban areas;

(iii) Municipal Corporations for larger urban areas.

The broad criteria for specifying the said areas is being provided in

the proposed article 243-0;

(b) composition of Municipalities, which will be decided by the

Legislature of a State, having the following features:

(i) persons to be chosen by direct election;

(ii) representation of Chairpersons of Committees, if any, at ward

or other levels in the Municipalities;

(iii) representation of persons having special knowledge or experience

of Municipal Administration in Municipalities (without voting rights);

(c) election of Chairpersons of a Municipality in the manner

specified in the State law;

(d) constitution of Committees at ward level or other level or levels

within the territorial area of a Municipality as may be provided in

the State law;

(e) reservation of seats in every Municipality-

(i) for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in proportion to their

population of which not less than one-third shall be for women;

(ii) for women which shall not less than one-third of the total number

of seats;

(iii) in favour of backward class of citizens if so provided by the

Legislature of the State;

(iv) for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and women in the office of

Chairpersons as may be specified in the State law;

(f) fixed tenure of 5 years for the Municipality and re-election

within six months of end of tenure. If a Municipality is dissolved

before expiration of its duration, elections to be held within a

period of six months of its dissolution;

(g) devolution by the State Legislature of powers and responsibilities

upon the Municipalities with respect to preparation of plans for

economic development and social justice, and for the implementation of

development schemes as may be required to enable them to function as

institutions of self-government;

(h) levy of taxes and duties by Municipalities, assigning of such

taxes and duties to Municipalities by State Governments and for making

grants-in-aid by the State to the Municipalities as may be provided in

the State law;

(i) a Finance Commission to review the finances of the Municipalities

and to recommend principles for-

(1) determining the taxes which may be assigned to the Municipalities;

(2) Sharing of taxes between the State and Municipalities;

(3) grants-in-aid to the Municipalities from the Consolidated Fund of

the State;

(j) audit of accounts of the Municipal Corporations by the Comptroller

and Auditor-General of India and laying of reports before the

Legislature of the State and the Municipal Corporation concerned;

(k) making of law by a State Legislature with respect to elections to

the Municipalities to be conducted under the superintendence,

direction and control of the chief electoral officer of the State;

(l) application of the provisions of the Bill to any Union territory

or part thereof with such modifications as may be specified by the

President;

(m) exempting Scheduled areas referred to in clause (1), and tribal

areas referred to in clause (2), of article 244, from the application

of the provisions of the Bill. Extension of provisions of the Bill to

such areas may be done by Parliament by law;

(n) disqualifications for membership of a Municipality;

(o) bar of jurisdiction of Courts in matters relating to elections to

the Municipalities.

4. The Bill seeks to achieve the aforesaid objectives.