Correlate Mendel’s four postulates with what is now known about homologous chromosomes, genes, alleles and the process of meiosis?
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Answer:
The Mendel's four postulates and laws of inheritance are:
(1) Principles of Paired Factors
(2) Principle of Dominance
(3) Law of Segregation or Law of Purity of Gametes (Mendel's First Law of Inheritance) and (4) Law of Independent Assortment (Mendel's Second Law of Inheritance).
Homologous chromosomes : A couple of homologous chromosomes, or homologs, are a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during fertilization.
Genes : A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. However, many genes do not code for proteins. In humans, genes vary in size from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases.
Alleles : one of two or more possible forms of a gene that are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Process of Meiosis : Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. ... During meiosis one cell divides twice to form four daughter cells. These four daughter cells only have half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell – they are haploid.