covid-19 paragraph with mitigation mentioned by the government
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India, which has the second-largest population in the world is suffering severely from COVID-19 disease. By May 18th, India investigated ∼1 lakh (0.1million) infected cases from COVID-19, and as of 11th July the cases equalled 8 lakhs. Social distancing and lockdown rules were employed in India, which however had an additional impact on the economy, human living, and environment. Where a negative impact was observed for the economy and human life, the environment got a positive one. How India dealt and can potentially deal with these three factors during and post COVID-19 situation has been discussed here.
Keywords: India, COVID-19, Economy, Environment, Human life, Lock down, Social distance
Graphical abstract
Graphical abstract showing World-wide distribution of COVID-19 with symptoms and precautions to be taken against coronavirus infection and India.
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1. Introduction
Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses, ranging from 60 nm to 140 nm in diameter with a crown-like appearance, found in mammals particularly in humans and birds. Coronaviruses are known to have mutated and recombined behaviour causing respiratory, enteric, hepatic, and neurologic diseases. Coronavirus has a total of seven strains which include HKU1, NL63, 229E and OC43, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-19 (COVID-19 being the latest), out of which first four had a mild impact on infested human with mild respiratory disease [1,2], whereas the other three caused a fatal impact on humankind. Previously in 2002–03, more than 8000 people suffered and 774 died due to SARS. In 2012, attributable to MERS-CoV, 2494 persons were infected and over 858 people lost their lives worldwide [3,4] and currently COVID-19 triggered 5,56,335 deaths infecting 216 countries worldwide (as of 11th July 2020). The genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 is different since it was first reported because of their mutation and recombination property.
The first outbreak of COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province in early Dec 2019 where several patients with viral pneumonia were found to be epidemiologically associated with the Huanan seafood market in Wuhan. This market is famous for sell of wildlife animals and several non-aquatic animals such as birds and rabbits were also on sale before the outbreak. On 30th January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared an outbreak, a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) and on Feb 2020, WHO officially named this outbreak of the disease associated with the coronavirus as COVID-19 where CO-Corona, VI-Virus D- Disease, and 19–2019 is the year it primarily occurred. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the root cause behind COVID-19 disease. SARS-CoV-2 has a 79.6% sequence match to SARS-CoV and is 96% identical to a bat-derived Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-like CoronaVirus [5,6]. Current assessments indicated that COVID-19 has a median incubation period of 3 days (range 0–24 days), with potential asymptomatic transmission [7].
It took 67 days (∼7th march) to infect 1 lakh people from COVID-19, an additional 12 days (∼19th March) to infiltrate further 1 lakh and with a third invasion taking only 4 days (∼23rd March), indicating SARS-CoV-2 to be a highly transmissive type virus. By 30th March, the number of confirmed cases has shown an exponential spike to 7.25 lakhs across the globe. COVID-19 outbreak is the sixth PHEIC (public health emergency of international concern) following H1N1 (2009), polio (2014), Ebola (2014 in West Africa), Zika (2016), and Ebola (2019 in the Democratic Republic of Congo) [3]. India which is the second-largest population in the world having a rural-based and growing-urban developing economy is also suffering severely from this COVID-19. India reached its first 1 lakh infection on18th May 2020, and as of 11th of July crossed 8.5 lakhs.
COVID-19 not only killed people through virus incursion but also due to economic and mental collapse, where developing countries suffered from unemployment and hunger. India enforced 68 days of four-phased-lockdown starting from 24th March ∼31st May to deal with COVID-19. However, in this current scenario of the COVID-19 period, what remains unanswered is whether the virus or the hunger is prepotent in India. Thus, how India is equipped to deal with, coping with the current situation, adverse effects on the economy, human living, and environment along with various approaches undertaken to overcome this pandemic is the topic of discussion in this work
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