Question

Critical appraisal of philosophy and practice of education advocated by gandhi dewey na freire

Answer 1

The aim of the study is to find the conception of philosophy as a criticism and its relationship with the education in the thought of John Dewey.

This study analyzes this issue in the major works of this author.

It also explores the concept of philosophy elaborated by dewey that points towards its social function of thinking about current conflicts.

Answer 2

Theories of philosophers such as Paulo Freire, John Dewey and Mahatma Gandhi influenced the education system.

Explanation:

• The definition of the children's agency in the three writers is very different. According to Freire him, the people accepted progressive education more since ts methods were more individual than conventional education and more in line with the democratic values. However, in his education philosophy, he did not target any group. Gandhi based his philosophy on children in the 7-14 year age range. He focused primarily on educating the children through such art, not only to make their education autonomous, but also to ensure that children are self-employed after completing their education. He concentrated primarily on children's education in the settlements.used on children's education thru the educational problem-setting process and stressed dialogue. He said that dialogue is the mechanism whereby teachers from different backgrounds / experiential backgrounds come together & children from various backgrounds participate in constructive dialogue. Freire did not endorse an educational banking model focused on the conviction that students knew nothing. Dewey focuses on education through knowledge, on the other hand. He trusted in the quality of education.
• The three philosopher concentrated on various aspects of society. Paulo Freire concentrated on the marginalised aspect of society, since he felt that the oppressors' oppression needed to be abolished and humanised. He underlined that no one segment of society (oppressor), at the detriment of the other (oppressed) should have access to everything. Thus, the concept of liberalisation and humanization by education was promoted. Dewey's concept of education was observed, but he did not identify a culture that was directed at him and thus his theory could be believed to be available to all of his community. Gandhi’s target societies were the downtrodden sections, also known in the Indian society as untouchables or Harijans
• These writers' ideas about education vary greatly. The definition of schooling for Paulo Freire was marginalised pedagogy. Here he concentrated on the humanization of the oppressed in performing different roles for the oppressor. Dewey's concept of education was to strike a balance between conventional and progressive education , i.e. to provide progressive education with a framework derived from traditional education. He also stressed that educators must always understand how their students had experience. On the other hand, Gandhi concentrated on education in mother tongue
• The educational system that helped free both the suppressed and the poor was what  Paulo Freire believed in. He believed that the marginalised could free themseleves and assist them in humanising themselves and their oppressors. He formulated the pedagogy of the marginalised on the basis of this principle. Gandhi claimed that education was also a source of liberation. Education could be used, according to him, for the transmission of ideas on cultural heritage which would allow people to internalise the concept of citizenship and contribute not only to British independence but also to the fetters of illiteracy. Dewey 's views on education & freedom are not very straightforward however, he too has backed freedom via education, as he has put emphasis on multiple experiences that can help achieve freedom.
• The subject was something that could be found in Gandhi 's education philosophy. He stressed education so much by experience that his school was practically free from textbooks. He thought that good material would change children's lives. Furthermore, he believed that education should be in the mother tongue to allow children to understand and articulate clearly what is taught. He stressed  on the students' smooth and clever handwriting. Language, history , geography, arithmetic, GK and many more were taught in his school.  Paulo Freire & John Dewey did not define the subjects they taught, but they could draw their writings that their focus would enable students to take an active role in education by means of dialogue & problem solving & to participate in learning by means of experiences.

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