Question

critically analyse the mutual interdependence of religion and social factors of the hunter gatherers societies, looking at the following aspects:belief,food, early villages and chiefdom​

Answer 1

Recent studies of the evolution of religion have revealed the cognitive underpinnings of belief in supernatural agents, the role of ritual in promoting cooperation, and the contribution of morally punishing high gods to the growth and stabilization of human society. The universality of religion across human society points to a deep evolutionary past. However, specific traits of nascent religiosity, and the sequence in which they emerged, have remained unknown. Here we reconstruct the evolution of religious beliefs and behaviors in early modern humans using a global sample of hunter-gatherers and seven traits describing hunter-gatherer religiosity: animism, belief in an afterlife, shamanism, ancestor worship, high gods, and worship of ancestors or high gods who are active in human affairs. We reconstruct ancestral character states using a time-calibrated supertree based on published phylogenetic trees and linguistic classification and then test for correlated evolution between the characters and for the direction of cultural change. Results indicate that the oldest trait of religion, present in the most recent common ancestor of present-day hunter-gatherers, was animism, in agreement with long-standing beliefs about the fundamental role of this trait. Belief in an afterlife emerged, followed by shamanism and ancestor worship. Ancestor spirits or high gods who are active in human affairs were absent in early humans, suggesting a deep history for the egalitarian nature of hunter-gatherer societies. There is a significant positive relationship between most characters investigated, but the trait "high gods" stands apart, suggesting that belief in a single creator deity can emerge in a society regardless of other aspects of i

Answer 2

Explanation:

• According to the findings, animism was the earliest form of religion and was present in the most recent common ancestor of modern hunter-gatherers.
• After shamanism and ancestor worship, belief in the afterlife started to take hold.
• Societies whose nutrition is supported by wild animal hunting, fishing, and collection of wild fruits, berries, nuts, and vegetables.
• The widely believed notion that knowing hunter-gatherer civilizations could provide a window into understanding early human cultures has played a significant role in this concentration.
• After all, it is asserted that over a significant portion of human history, individuals subsisted by hunting and gathering wild vegetation and animals.

The following were three traits of hunter-gatherer societies:

• People were constantly moving.
• There was a lot of rubbish all over the place.
• There wasn't much more food available.

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