critically examine the city of indraprastha from the available literary and archaeological sources?
Answers
Indraprastha ("Plain of Indra"[1] or "City of Indra") is mentioned in ancient Indian literature as a city of the Kuru Kingdom. It was the capital of the kingdom led by the Pandavas in the Mahabharata epic. Under the Pali form of its name, Indapatta, it is also mentioned in Buddhist texts as the capital of the Kuru mahajanapada. Modern historical research pin its location in the region of present-day New Delhi, particularly the Old Fort (Purana Qila).[2] The city is sometimes also known as Khandavaprastha or Khandava Forest, the name of a forest region on the banks of Yamun river which (according to the Mahabharata) had been cleared by Krishna and Arjun to build the city.
Indraprastha is not only known from the Mahabharata. It is also mentioned as "Indapatta" or "Indapattana" in Pali-language Buddhist texts, where it is described as the capital of the Kuru Kingdom,[13] situated on the Yamuna River.[14] The Buddhist literature also mentions Hatthinipura (Hastinapura) and several smaller towns and villages of the Kuru kingdom.[13] Indraprastha may have been known to the Greco-Roman world as well: it is thought to be mentioned in Ptolemy's Geography dating from the 2nd century CE as the city "Indabara", possibly derived from the Prakrit form "Indabatta", and which was probably in the vicinity of Delhi.[15] Upinder Singh (2004) describes this equation of Indabara with Indraprastha as "plausible".[16] Indraprastha is also named as a pratigana (district) of the Delhi region in a Sanskrit inscription dated to 1327 CE, discovered in Raisina area of New Delhi.[17]
D. C. Sircar, an epigraphist, believed Indraprastha was a significant city in the Mauryan period, based on analysis of a stone carving found in the Delhi area at Sriniwaspuri which records the reign of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. Singh has cast doubt on this interpretation because the inscription does not actually refer to Indraprastha and although "... a place of importance must certainly have been located in the vicinity of the rock edict, exactly which one it was and what it was known as, is uncertain." Similarly, remains, such as an iron pillar, that have been associated with Ashoka are not indubitably so: their composition is atypical and the inscriptions are vague.[6]
Answer:
Archaeologists discovered the ruins of homes made of mud-brick and burned brick, some of which had drainage and cooking hearths (chulhas) in the city of Indraprastha.
Explanation:
Archaeologists discovered the ruins of homes made of mud-brick and burned brick, some of which had drainage and cooking hearths (chulhas). There have also been discoveries of terracotta animal and human sculptures, as well as ring wells that may have served as soak pits for waste water.
Coins with punch marks and two seals with writing were also present. It mentions Indraprastha as a significant city that served as the Pandava Kingdom's capital from around 1400 BC.
It is believed that Indraprastha was the first notable settlement in the Delhi region, which has since played host to a number of kings and enormous civilizations.
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