Critically examine the main aspects of Indian national movement during the period of 1930 to 1947? class 10
Answers
Following are the main aspects of the Indian National Movement between 1930-1947 :
- Beginning of Mass Movement after Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
- Application of Satyagraha to Mass Movement, new methods to protest, boycott, picketing, renunciation of titles, and non-payment of taxes.
- People of different sections and parts shared a common bond of resistance—united in their hatred against the British rule.
- Industrialists led by Purshottamdas, Thakurdas and G. D. Birla criticized colonialism.
The non-cooperation movement - Khilafat movement begin in Jan 1921. Various social groups participated in this movement, each with its own specific aspirations.
In Feb 1922, Gandhiji decided to withdraw the Non-cooperation movement. He felt the movement was turning violent in many areas.
The new tory govt in Britain constituted a statutory commission under Sir John Simon. It was greeted with a slogan when it arrived in India in 1928. All parties including the Congress & the Muslim league, participated in the demonstrations.
The viceroy Lord Irwin, announced in Oct 1929, a vague offer of "dominion status" for India.
In Dec 1929, under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Lahore congress formalised the demand of 'Purna Swaraj'.
On 31 Jan 1930, Gandhi sent an ultimatum to viceroy Irwin stating 11 demands. As Irwin was unwilling to negotiate, Gandhiji started his famous salt march marking the beginning of CDM.
However, Gandhiji once again decided to call off the movement & entered into a pact with Irwin on 5 March 1931.
With great apprehension, Gandhiji relaunched the CDM. For over a year, the movement continued, but by1934 it lost all its momentum.