Question

Critically examine the role of philosopher rousseau for the out break of french revolution of 1789

Answer 1

Jean Jacques Rosseau was a French philosopher who raised the voice against arbitrary and tyrannical rules. He propounded the concept of democracy. He said, " Man is born free,yet everywhere he is in chains." He talked in his book 'State of Nature', where man was free and said that freedom was lost following the emergence of wealth. He recognized it as necessary evil. In his 'Social Contract', he guaranteed freedom, equality and happiness, which man had enjoyed in State of Nature. On purely administrative grounds also, he considered democracy as the best form of government. He asserted that the King should hold office only so long as he enjoyed the confidence of the people. His main idea was- man is naturally good and that the society of civilization makes man anxious and unhappy. His ideas influenced the people of France for the revolution.



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Answer 2

Question :-

Write about the three main french philosophers and their role in french revolution 1789

Answer :-

The role of philosophers in the French revolution are as follows :-

(1) During 18 th century , France had many revolutionary thinkers.Among them were Voltaire , Rousseau , Montesquieu and Dederot .Their revolutionary ideas helped the people to fight for their rights .

(2) They exposed the inefficiency of the monarch and and his government.

(3)Voltaire's ideas encouraged people to fight against the privileges and finance of the Church without guilt.

(4) John Locke propounded the ideas refuting divinity and absolute rights of monarch.

(5) Montesquieu believed that all the powers should not be concentrated in one person's hand.

(6)Rousseau asserted the doctrine of democracy and popular sovereignty. He believed that the government should be based on the consent if the governed .He wrote a book known as " Social Contract" .

(7) Thus the ideas of the philosophers were a direct attack on privileges and feudal rights which protected the upper classes. They played a vital role in bringing about the revolution.

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