Question

Critically examine the view that first chimurenga of 1896-1897 was a necessity to the people of zimbabwe

Answer 1

144  The First Chimurenga: 1896-1897 Uprising in Matabeleland andMashonaland and Continued Conflicts in AcademiaSuzanne DawsonAbstract In this article, it will be argued that the First Chimurenga, or uprising in Southern Rhodesia was a complex set of struggles over land, cattle, and taxes rather than a planned, unified movement intended to overthrow the whites; neither the Africans nor the British were unified. It will evaluate historiography available on the subject, analyzing various weaknesses in scholarship due to the inherent lack of primary source material available from indigenous perspectives.In order to explore largely ignored aspects of African resistance to colonialism which was importantin shaping later twentieth century African liberation movements, this article focuses upon Africansocieties, not the British settlers, nor Cecil Rhodes who was not in Southern Rhodesia at the time ofthe revolts. The First Chimurenga was a compelling demonstration of early African resistancemovements. However, the historiography for the First Chimurenga is incomplete, and in this paper Iaim to discuss and analyze flaws and gaps in this historiography. In some cases this paper reflectsthose gaps and contradictions, as some elements of Shona and Ndebele religious practices andculture remain unknown. Scholars’ perceptions provide a valuable source for analysis as they canreveal enduring problems in conceptualizations of the First Chimurenga. Studies of this event areoften riddled with holes due to the challenging nature of primary sources which are lacking inprimary accounts from Indigenous peoples themselves.In this article, I argue that the First Chimurenga, or uprising, which took place from 1896-1897 inSouthern Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, was a complex set of struggles over land, cattle, and taxes.Rather than a planned, cohesive movement intended to overthrow the whites, neither the Africansnor the British were unified. The British South Africa Company (B.S.A.C)’s failure to understand theShona and Ndebele peoples’ local grievances and reasons to rise up complicates perceptions of theevent. An investigation of the roles played by spirit mediums and the Mwari cult in the uprisings,(focussing on Nehanda in particular) also adds dimension. Moreover, I will examine debatessurrounding leadership of the movement.

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Answer 2

The uprising of first Chimurenga of 1896-1897 was a necessity to the people of Zimbabwe in a number of ways :

1.  British colonial policies were very oppressive and had reached to their heights.

2.  The uprising united the people of Zimbabwe against the common enemy-The British. It united the Shona and Ndbele people.

3.  It created the feeling of nationalism among the people of Zimbabwe.

4.  It made aware the common people of Zimbabwe that the British are their enemies not friends.

5.  It realized the people the real intentions of British--permanently staying there and looting their resources.

6.  It laid the foundation of revolutionary resistance which later lead to the Independence of Zimbabwe.