crop production and management in 1000 words
Answers
Answered by
2
Beginning about 12,000 years ago, the human population began a trend that completely changed the way we, as a race, evolved. For the first time in history, humans pushed beyond the restraints of traditional hunting and gathering, into domestication and farming. It was a change that would not only take thousands of years to prove worthy, but also may have set us back on the evolutionary path at the time. Along the path to this point, we have been constantly changing and finding new ways to produce and maximize the yield of the crops we sow. Have these changes been successful or detrimental to us? The following will search into answering this question.
Since the beginning, increased crop production has been the ultimate goal of the farmer. The very basic advances toward this included fertilization and rotation of crops. These simple steps alone took thousands of years to come about. Domestication perhaps, was the first process to actually take place. Evidence of this is prevalent throughout many parts of the world, as far back as 11,000 years. Detection of this was done by comparing wild varieties of the product to the preferred and produced varieties. Changes in size are the most common differences, especially among types of grain. However, this domestication came about mostly through the selection process. Since the people naturally selected the larger more hearty vegetable or grain, those larger specimens of the species would go on to produce the next generation. Though this may seem primitive, it has led to the varieties we see and eat today.
The past two centuries have, no doubt, been the most influential and beneficial to the agricultural industry. Fertilization has been around for a long time, but not until recently did we really understand how to maximize the potential.
Hope it helps
Since the beginning, increased crop production has been the ultimate goal of the farmer. The very basic advances toward this included fertilization and rotation of crops. These simple steps alone took thousands of years to come about. Domestication perhaps, was the first process to actually take place. Evidence of this is prevalent throughout many parts of the world, as far back as 11,000 years. Detection of this was done by comparing wild varieties of the product to the preferred and produced varieties. Changes in size are the most common differences, especially among types of grain. However, this domestication came about mostly through the selection process. Since the people naturally selected the larger more hearty vegetable or grain, those larger specimens of the species would go on to produce the next generation. Though this may seem primitive, it has led to the varieties we see and eat today.
The past two centuries have, no doubt, been the most influential and beneficial to the agricultural industry. Fertilization has been around for a long time, but not until recently did we really understand how to maximize the potential.
Hope it helps
sobhit0251:
Please take brainlist answer
Answered by
3
Agriculture: The applied branch of biology which deals with cultivation of plants and rearing of animals is called agriculture. Generally, the art or practice of cultivating land is referred as agriculture. The branch of agriculture which deals with food, health and management of animals is known as animal husbandry.
• Crop: When plants of the same kind are grown and cultivated at one place on a large scale is called as a crop.
▸ Kharif Crops: The crops which are grown during the monsoon (rainy) season (June-September) are called kharif crops. For example, maize, millet (bajra) and cotton crops. Seeds of these crops are sown in the beginning of the monsoon season. After maturation, these crops are harvested at the end of the monsoon season (Oct.-Nov.).
▸ Rabi Crops: Crops which are grown during the winter season (October-March) are called rabi crops. For example, wheat, gram and mustard. Seeds of these crops are sown in the beginning of the winter season. After maturation of crops, they are harvested at the end of the winter season (April-May).
• Agricultural Practices: All activities which farmers do for the cultivation of plants are called agricultural practices.
For doing various activities, a farmer needs different types of tools. These tools which are involved in cultivation of plants are called agricultural implements. Farmers perform agricultural practices in a sequence.
• Basic Practices of Crop Production
▸ Preparation of Soil: Before sowing the crop seeds, the soil of fields is loosened and overturned.
▸ Plough: A large farming implement with one or more blades fixed in a frame, used to turn over and cut furrows in soil, is called plough. Plough may be made of only wood, wood and iron, and of iron only (Fig. 1.1).
▸ Ploughshare: The main cutting blade of a plough.
▸ Cultivator: Nowadays ploughing is done by a tractor driven cultivator. The use of cultivator saves labour and time (Fig. 1.2).
▸ Sowing of Seeds: For sowing, farmers obtain certified seeds from State Agriculture Department and Seed Corporation. Sometimes, farmers also select seeds from their own crop. For selection of seeds of most of the crops, seeds are put into a bucket of water. The seeds which float on water are rejected. These seeds are defective. The seeds which remain submerged in water are selected for sowing. The selected seeds are treated with chemicals such as agrosan or ceresan. This chemical treatment protects seedling from seed-borne diseases. Seeds are sown either by hand-broadcasting (spreading) or by seed drills (Fig. 1.3). A type of seed drill, commonly used, is a long iron pipe having a funnel at the top.
▸ Adding Manure and Fertilisers: Like other plants, crop plants also obtain their mineral nutrients from the soil. Continuous growing of crop in the field causes deficiency of mineral nutrients in the soil. So, the manure is added to the soil to make up the deficiency of mineral nutrients. This process is called manuring. Manure is prepared from cow dung, urine and other wastes.
Sometimes, soil becomes deficient in a particular mineral nutrients. This happens when same crop is grown in the same field year after year. For example, a particular crop takes more phosphate. If this crop is grown in a field every year, the soil will become deficient in phosphorus nutrient. This type of deficiency of a particular nutrient is made up by adding chemical substances called fertilisers. For example: urea, super phosphate and NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium).
• Methods of Irrigation
▸ Traditional methods:
— Moat (pulley-system)
— Chain pump
— Dhekli — Rahat
▸ Modern methods:
— Sprinkler system
— Drip system
• Protection from Weed
The unwanted plants in the fields are called weeds. Seeds of these weeds spread through the agencies like air, water, birds and other animals. Weeds share water, sunlight, space, nutrients with the crop plants. Thus they compete with the crop plants. Therefore, their removal is necessary. Otherwise, crop do not get sufficient space, water, sunlight and nutrient to grow healthier.
• Harvesting and Threshing: When crops pet matured, they usually turn yellow or golden or brown. This is the time when crops should be cut. Cutting of crops is known as harvesting. Harvesting is either done manually by a sickle or by a machine called harvester. Harvested crop is further dried and then animals such as bullocks, buffaloes, camels are made to walk over it. The grains are separated from chaff with the help of wind (winnowing) (Fig. 1.6). The whole process of separation of the grains from the harvested crop is known as threshing.
Big farmers use huge machines known as combines threshing.
• Animal Husbandary: Food is also obtained from animals for which animals are reared and provided with proper food, shelter and care. When done on a large scale
• Crop: When plants of the same kind are grown and cultivated at one place on a large scale is called as a crop.
▸ Kharif Crops: The crops which are grown during the monsoon (rainy) season (June-September) are called kharif crops. For example, maize, millet (bajra) and cotton crops. Seeds of these crops are sown in the beginning of the monsoon season. After maturation, these crops are harvested at the end of the monsoon season (Oct.-Nov.).
▸ Rabi Crops: Crops which are grown during the winter season (October-March) are called rabi crops. For example, wheat, gram and mustard. Seeds of these crops are sown in the beginning of the winter season. After maturation of crops, they are harvested at the end of the winter season (April-May).
• Agricultural Practices: All activities which farmers do for the cultivation of plants are called agricultural practices.
For doing various activities, a farmer needs different types of tools. These tools which are involved in cultivation of plants are called agricultural implements. Farmers perform agricultural practices in a sequence.
• Basic Practices of Crop Production
▸ Preparation of Soil: Before sowing the crop seeds, the soil of fields is loosened and overturned.
▸ Plough: A large farming implement with one or more blades fixed in a frame, used to turn over and cut furrows in soil, is called plough. Plough may be made of only wood, wood and iron, and of iron only (Fig. 1.1).
▸ Ploughshare: The main cutting blade of a plough.
▸ Cultivator: Nowadays ploughing is done by a tractor driven cultivator. The use of cultivator saves labour and time (Fig. 1.2).
▸ Sowing of Seeds: For sowing, farmers obtain certified seeds from State Agriculture Department and Seed Corporation. Sometimes, farmers also select seeds from their own crop. For selection of seeds of most of the crops, seeds are put into a bucket of water. The seeds which float on water are rejected. These seeds are defective. The seeds which remain submerged in water are selected for sowing. The selected seeds are treated with chemicals such as agrosan or ceresan. This chemical treatment protects seedling from seed-borne diseases. Seeds are sown either by hand-broadcasting (spreading) or by seed drills (Fig. 1.3). A type of seed drill, commonly used, is a long iron pipe having a funnel at the top.
▸ Adding Manure and Fertilisers: Like other plants, crop plants also obtain their mineral nutrients from the soil. Continuous growing of crop in the field causes deficiency of mineral nutrients in the soil. So, the manure is added to the soil to make up the deficiency of mineral nutrients. This process is called manuring. Manure is prepared from cow dung, urine and other wastes.
Sometimes, soil becomes deficient in a particular mineral nutrients. This happens when same crop is grown in the same field year after year. For example, a particular crop takes more phosphate. If this crop is grown in a field every year, the soil will become deficient in phosphorus nutrient. This type of deficiency of a particular nutrient is made up by adding chemical substances called fertilisers. For example: urea, super phosphate and NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium).
• Methods of Irrigation
▸ Traditional methods:
— Moat (pulley-system)
— Chain pump
— Dhekli — Rahat
▸ Modern methods:
— Sprinkler system
— Drip system
• Protection from Weed
The unwanted plants in the fields are called weeds. Seeds of these weeds spread through the agencies like air, water, birds and other animals. Weeds share water, sunlight, space, nutrients with the crop plants. Thus they compete with the crop plants. Therefore, their removal is necessary. Otherwise, crop do not get sufficient space, water, sunlight and nutrient to grow healthier.
• Harvesting and Threshing: When crops pet matured, they usually turn yellow or golden or brown. This is the time when crops should be cut. Cutting of crops is known as harvesting. Harvesting is either done manually by a sickle or by a machine called harvester. Harvested crop is further dried and then animals such as bullocks, buffaloes, camels are made to walk over it. The grains are separated from chaff with the help of wind (winnowing) (Fig. 1.6). The whole process of separation of the grains from the harvested crop is known as threshing.
Big farmers use huge machines known as combines threshing.
• Animal Husbandary: Food is also obtained from animals for which animals are reared and provided with proper food, shelter and care. When done on a large scale
good
thank you
Similar questions