Crop variety improvement
Answers
Explanation:
Crop variety improvement is the primary step to improve food crop production. It helps in the development of crops with desired traits such as high yields, disease resistance, quality product and response to fertilizers.
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Answer:
Crop variety improvement is the primary step to improve food crop production. It helps in the development of crops with desired traits such as high yields, disease resistance, quality product and response to fertilizers. We can raise different strains of food crops with desirable traits naturally as well as scientifically. Two of them are as follows:
Hybridization
The crossing of genetically dissimilar plants is referred to as hybridization. Hybridization may take place between different varieties(intervarietal), between two different species of the same genus(interspecific) or between different genera (intergeneric).
Gene Incorporation
Genes are responsible for the traits. Thus, we can improve crop quality and quantity by incorporating the genes with desirable traits. This method is more scientific and results in genetically modified food crops.
Why is Crop Variety Improvement Important?
The variety improvement is done for the following reasons.
Higher yield: Crop variety improvement’s main goal is to increase the productivity of the crop. To develop high yielding variety.
Quality product: To improve the quality of the food crops. The quality of the crop depends on the type of crop. Considering the pulses and grains, they must have better baking quality. Oil crops should give quality oil.
Resistance: To develop resistance to both living and non-living factors. Biotic factors like insects, parasites, diseases, etc. and abiotic factors like hot, cold, drought, salinity, etc. affect crop production. Resistant variety can withstand these factors and give a high yield.
Maturity period: To shorten and to develop uniform maturity period. The short maturity period of crops helps farmers in multiple rounds of cultivation in less expenditure during a short period. Also, the uniform maturity of crops helps in easy harvesting. Thus, the overall variety of improvement makes the situation more profitable.
Adaptation: To develop tolerance and make crops more adaptable to different conditions. The crops can be grown even in diverse conditions. For example, crops with tolerance to high salinity soil.
Desirable agronomic characteristics: To develop desired agronomic characters in crops. This helps in a higher yield in less expenditure. For example, dwarfness in cereals reduces the nutrient consumption without affecting the yield.