crops such as indigo,jute,cotton,coffee and tea
Answers
Answer:
Several commodities, including rice, wheat, and other grains, as well as wool and cotton, are packaged in bales using tea, coffee, jute, groundnuts, and sugarcane.
Explanation:
Jute
Students at Edinburgh Academy mention jute—a significant factor, particularly in Scotland-India relations—surprisingly infrequently when discussing their future plans. Patrick Charles Lyon, who quit school in 1837 and moved to Madras to trade in indigo and then jute, is one of the earliest individuals mentioned. George William Walker graduated in 1872 and went on to work as a jute dealer in Calcutta. The remainder are references of males who work in Dundee's jute manufacturing industry.
Indigo
One of the first sources of indigo dye was a plant species from the bean family called Indigofera tinctoria, usually known as real indigo.
With 45 citations in the archives of the Edinburgh Academy, Indigo has a far larger planting footprint. A wave of young men entered Bengal, and Charles Philip Austin Oman (EA 1834–1838) followed his father, who had already established himself there, and went to Muddanderry, in the Jessore area, as an indigo planter. His three years as manager of the Zemindary for the Bengal Coal Co. and the succeeding seven years in the Palkabari Indigo Concern were spent using this knowledge.
Coffee
Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain flowering plants in the Coffea genus. From the coffee fruit, the seeds are separated to produce a stable, raw product: unroasted green coffee.
Coffee gets 37 mentions (more than tea) and, judging by the register, this seems to have started quite early in Ceylon and then about the mid 1850 in the Nilgiri Hills in South India. Ten years after that there were smaller scale attempts in Kerala and in the early 20th century East Africa then opens out as a new coffee area.
Several Academy boys were pioneering (but unsuccessful) in establishing coffee planting in Malaya. First was William Handyside, (EA 1859-63), born 1848; who in 1871-9 was coffee-planting in Ceylon, but then in 1878 obtained a grant of 5,000 acres in Perak from the Rajah Muda Yusuf for services in prospecting for coffee lands there. After repeated attacks of fever though, he went to New Zealand and started coal-mining. Another example are the three Glassford brothers of Dougalston, Stirlingshire, the two older ones, Clement Gordon, (EA 1882-7), born 1869 and Oswald Gordon, (EA 1882-7), born 1870, already had experience as coffee-planters in the Nilgiris, Southern India, and subsequently went to the Federated Malay States, starting anew as coffee-planters again, where they were joined by their younger brother Lewis Gordon, (EA 1886-94), born 1876. They then changed over to being rubber-planters, with their younger brother going onto New Zealand into sheep farming.
Tea
Tea is a fragrant beverage made from the dried or fresh leaves of the evergreen plant Camellia sinensis, which is indigenous to China, India, and other East Asian nations. The leaves of the Camellia taliensis are also infrequently used to make tea. It is the most extensively drank beverage in the world after water.
Tea, probably the most famous Indian planation product, gets surprisingly few mentions with 25. Early involvement with tea was mainly in trading Chinese tea, as the Indian tea growing industry only started somewhat later. The Bell brothers, Eliott Montgomerie, (EA 1857-64) born 1847 and Archibald Matthew Montgomerie, (EA 1861-7) born 1850, sons of respected conveyancing professor A. Montgomerie Bell, W.S., seem to be the earliest in the Darjeeling area, both working on or owning a tea-plantation at Simring near Kurseong, Darjeeling District, in Archibald’s case after being an engineer in a Darjeeling tea company for three years.
The move to new areas for instance is exemplified by Kenneth Dalziel Murray, (EA 1870-7), born 1860, who after being a tea-planter in the Darjeeling district for eighteen years, then came to the Assam Doars district where since 1901 he was super-intendant of the Northern Doars Tea Co.'s estates.
A good example that involvement in commercial agriculture must not always be actual planting is John Duncan Gregorson, (EA 1881-6), born 1871, who from 1901 was medical officer to several large tea estates in Upper Assam. As F.R.S. of Tropical Research and Hygiene, he even contributed several articles on best methods of combating disease among coolies on the tea estates of Upper Assam, before he was murdered on the Dihong River in Assam, in 1911.
Unlike for indigo earlier in the century, only one ex-boy, Robert Logan Logan, (EA 1889-96 and Edin. Inst. 1897-9), born 1882, proprietor of Corramore Tea Estates, Assam, and Dir. Atbaree Khat Tea Co., Assam, is mentioned specifically as being a ‘proprietor’ of a tea garden, suggesting that the others are mainly managing or engineering on behalf of managing agencies.