Question

Cross-pollination
(3)*
Self-pollination
Ans.​

Answer 1

Explanation:

Cross-Pollination

The cross-pollination is defined as the deposition of pollen grains from a flower to the stigma of another flower. Commonly, the process is done by insects and wind. By insects, the process takes place in several plants like strawberries, grapes, raspberries, tulips, apples, plums, pears, daffodils, and more. Pollination by the wind is observed in different grasses, maples trees, dandelions, and catkins.

Self Pollination

In this process, the pollen grains transfer from the stigma of the same or genetically similar flower. The self-pollination can be observed in legumes such as orchids, sunflowers, peas, peanuts, oats, peaches,  potatoes, wheat, and others.

Let us learn more in detail about the differences between the two types of pollination.

Difference Between Self-Pollination and Cross-Pollination

Self-PollinationCross-PollinationTransfer pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower.Transfer pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a different flower.This process can take place in the same flower or a different flower of the same plant.This process can take place between two flowers present on different plants.It occurs in the flowers which are genetically identical.It occurs between flowers which are genetically different.Few species that exhibit self-pollination – Paphiopedilum parishii, Arabidopsis thalianaFew species that exhibit cross-pollination –  apples, daffodils, pumpkins and grassesCauses homogenous conditions in progenies.Causes heterozygous condition in progenies.Self-pollination increases genetic uniformity and decreases genetic variation.Cross-pollination decreases genetic uniformity and increases genetic variation.Causes inbreeding.Causes outbreeding.Reduces the gene pool.Maintains the gene pool.Produces limited amounts of pollen grains.Produces large amounts of pollen grains.In self-pollination, both the stigma and anther simultaneously matureIn cross-pollination, both the stigma and anther mature at different times.Transfers a limited number of pollens.Transfers large numbers of pollen.This process is carried out even when the flowers are closed.For cross-pollination to happen, the flower should be open.No need for pollinators to transfer pollen grains.Require pollinators to transfer pollen grains.Pollen grains are transferred directly to a flower’s stigma.Pollen grains are carried via wind, insects, animals, water, etc.