Question

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Q.11. Read the following passage and complete the flow chart given below. Write the
answers with their corresponding numbers. Do not draw the flow chart, (5)
Our ancestors built up an extensive knowledge of food preservation techniques to keep
vegetables, meat and fish in a condition which made them safe to eat after long storage
periods
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The art of preserving food is to destroy the spores of any fungi or bacteria it may contain
which cause it to decay. Then it must be kept in conditions in which other microscopic
organisins cannot spoil it. Centuries old ways of keeping food edible are smoking and
drying meat and fish over a fire. This helps to form a hard, dry surface which, due to
lack of moisture, prevents the growth of decay microbes, Salting food is another
effective way of holding off bacteria and fungi, which find too much salt unpleasant,
Pickling in vinegar like vegetables also keeps decay microbes away and is another
traditional method of food preservation
(2)
Freezing is nowadays one of the few methods of food preservation carried out, not only
in factories like those that produce granules of coffee but also in homes. Canning is the
most common method of preserving fond, nike Jams, soup etc. It usually involves sealing
food into a metal can without any air. This prevents both the growth of microbes and
staleness caused by the tact of food with air. Today, canned foods are usually
sterilized by heating them to a high temperature for a short time to kill any micro-
organism m the food, Pasteurization is a milder form of preservation than canning,
Th.. rood to be pasteurized, usually mill, is heated to less than 212 degrees Fahrenheit.
Research into the preservation of food, even by means of Irradiation, is constantly being
carried out to preserve food to feed the world's people,​

Answer 1

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