D. Answer the following questions.
1. Name the languages spoken in India.
2. Name some of the famous literature of India.
3. Name the religions originated in India
4. Write about the different religious festivals celebrated in India.
5. What is meant by National Integration ?
6. Explain India is a land of
Unity in Diversity,
7. What are the factors promoting National Integration?
8. Write a note on the factors disrupting National Integration.
Answers
Answer:
1. The Indian constitution recognizes 22 official languages: Bengali, Hindi, Maithili, Nepalese, Sanskrit, Tamil, Urdu, Assamese, Dogri, Kannada, Gujarati, Bodo, Manipur (also known as Meitei), Oriya, Marathi, Santali, Telugu, Punjabi, Sindhi, Malayalam, Konkani and Kashmiri. Tamil and Sanskrit
2. Mahatma Gandhi – The Story Of My Experiments With The Truth.
R.K. Narayan – The Guide.
Rohinton Mistry – A Fine Balance.
Salman Rushdie – Midnight's Children.
Jhumpa Lahiri – The Interpreter Of Maladies.
Vikram Seth – A Suitable Boy.
Arundhati Roy – God of Small Things.
Amitav Ghosh – The Glass Palace
3. Indian religions, sometimes also termed Dharmic religions or Indic religions, are the religions that originated in the Indian subcontinent; namely Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism. These religions are also all classified as Eastern religions.
4. Makar Sankranti & Pongal. Pongal being marked by boiling milk in clay pots (Source) ...
Holi. ..
Easter. ...
Maha Shivratri. ...
Eid-al-Fitr (Ramadan) ...
Janmasthami. ...
Durga Puja/Dussehra. ...
Deepawali.
5. The purpose was to find ways to counter problems that were dividing the country including attachment to specific communities, castes, religions and languages.
6. Unity in Diversity: India is a land of unity in diversity where people of different sects, caste and religion live together. India is also called the land of unity in diversity as different groups of people co-operate with each other to live in a single society.
7.
National integration is a feeling of unity and brotherhood among the citizen of the Country. India is a vast and diverse Nation. In its identity, it consists of different castes, religions, communities, cultures etc. The factors which lead to National integration are :
1) Historical Factors: The people of India had fought as one to gain Independence and struggled together to achieve the betterment. This lead to a sense of unity among people.
2) Geographical Factors - India has a variety of Geographical features with the Himalayas in the North, the Indian Ocean in the South etc. which promotes interaction among the people of the Nation.
3) Cultural Factors - India harbours a variety of cultures but it can be said to be the Nation of the total sum of different cultures. The different cultures co-exist and learn about each other which promote brotherhood.
Indian Constitution - The constitution of India guarantees equal rights of all people and abolishes privileges to anyone. This plays a major role in uniting people by providing equal footings to all.
8. India is a diverse Country and contains several communities, castes, religions, etc. The factors which are affecting national integration or unity in India are:
1) Casteism - The structure of society divided on caste has ruined the feeling of developing unity among people.
2) Communalism - society is divided into communities based on religion and conflicts among them cause riots and disturbance.
3) Linguistic differences -There are over 1652 languages spoken all over India. People try to establish the supremacy of their language over others which cause clashes and conflicts.
4) Regionalism - Regionalism restricts people to think of a nation as a whole. They work for promoting the interest of the particular region they belong and compete with other regions.
Economic Inequalities - The financial status of some People in India differ from others. The rich becoming richer and poor becoming poorer causing gap among people to integrate as one.