D. Answer the following questions in your own words.
1. Write a short note on the literary sources.
2. Discuss the similarities between Bhaktism and Sufism.
3. Write a few lines on the monuments, sculptures and paintings of the medieval period.
Answers
Your Answer Are As Follow :-
1). ★ Literary sources are divided into three categories; religious, secular and foreign accounts. Literary sources inform us about the political, social , economic , religious and cultural life of our ancestors. Most of the ancient manuscripts are religious in nature.
2). ★ Similarities between bhaktism and Sufism were: The Bhakti and Sufi movements showed the people that the existence of God could be experienced under the guidance of a guru. Priests or ulemas are not required to feel the presence of God. ... The Bhakti and Sufi saints preached their teachings in the local language.
3). ★ The medieval art of the Western world covers a vast scope of time and place, over 1000 years of art in Europe, and at times the Middle East and North Africa. It includes major art movements and periods, national and regional art, genres, revivals, the artists' crafts, and the artists themselves.
1). Byzantine monumental Church mosaics are one of the great achievements of medieval art. These are from Monreale in Sicily from the late 12th century.
Byzantine monumental Church mosaics are one of the great achievements of medieval art. These are from Monreale in Sicily from the late 12th century.Art historians attempt to classify medieval art into major periods and styles, often with some difficulty. A generally accepted scheme includes the later phases of Early Christian art, Migration Period art, Byzantine art, Insular art, Pre-Romanesque, Romanesque art, and Gothic art, as well as many other periods within these central styles. In addition each region, mostly during the period in the process of becoming nations or cultures, had its own distinct artistic style, such as Anglo-Saxon art or Viking art.
2). Medieval art was produced in many media, and works survive in large numbers in sculpture, illuminated manuscripts, stained glass, metalwork and mosaics, all of which have had a higher survival rate than other media such as fresco wall-paintings, work in precious metals or textiles, including tapestry. Especially in the early part of the period, works in the so-called "minor arts" or decorative arts, such as metalwork, ivory carving, enamel and embroidery using precious metals, were probably more highly valued than paintings or monumental sculpture.
3). Medieval art in Europe grew out of the artistic heritage of the Roman Empire and the iconographic traditions of the early Christian church. These sources were mixed with the vigorous "barbarian" artistic culture of Northern Europe to produce a remarkable artistic legacy. Indeed, the history of medieval art can be seen as the history of the interplay between the elements of classical, early Christian and "barbarian" art. Apart from the formal aspects of classicism, there was a continuous tradition of realistic depiction of objects that survived in Byzantine art throughout the period, while in the West it appears intermittently, combining and sometimes competing with new expressionist possibilities developed in Western Europe and the Northern legacy of energetic decorative elements. The period ended with the self-perceived Renaissance recovery of the skills and values of classical art, and the artistic legacy of the Middle Ages was then disparaged for some centuries. Since a revival of interest and understanding in the 19th century it has been seen as a period of enormous achievement that underlies the development of later Western art.
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Answer:
1.Literary sources are divided into three categories; religious, secular and foreign accounts. Literary sources inform us about the political, social , economic , religious and cultural life of our ancestors. Most of the ancient manuscripts are religious in nature.
2.The Bhakti movement refers to the theistic devotional trend that emerged in medieval India. Sufism may be best described as a practice of asceticism, which through belief and practice helps believers attain nearness to God.
3. a)monument:India’s most visited monuments are spread across the country, built by emperors, the government and, in some cases, religious institutions. While some were destroyed and rebuilt, there are others that have stood the test of time and natural calamities to live on.
b)sculpture:Sculpture is a type of art. It must be three-dimensional (meaning it must have height, width, and depth like a cube). There are many kinds of sculptures from different parts of the world, like China and India, or from different time periods, like the renaissance and modern times.
c)painting of the medieval period:Medieval art was produced in many media, and works survive in large numbers in sculpture, illuminated manuscripts, stained glass, metalwork and mosaics, all of which have had a higher survival rate than other media such as fresco wall-paintings, work in precious metals or textiles, including tapestry.
Explanation:
you can write it in short.