D. Answer the questions in brief.
1. Name the layers of the earth.
2. Write a short note on rocks and minerals.
3. Differentiate between intrusive igneous rocks and extrusive igneous rocks.
4. Write
any
four uses of rocks.
5. What is the temperature at the core of the earth?
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
1-The structure of the Earth is divided into layers. These layers are both physically and chemically different. The Earth has an outer solid layer called the crust, a highly viscous layer called the mantle, a liquid layer that is the outer part of the core, called the outer core, and a solid center called the inner core.
2-Rocks make up all of the material of the landmasses of Earth and are defined as an aggregate of minerals and silicates and is predominantly found in the solid state of matter. Rocks are split into separate categories such as sedimentary and igneous which define the way they were created or formed. Rock allows for the building of structures through the use of concrete,bricks, stucco, and a myriad of other uses. In addition, rocks also comprise the crystals formed such as salts and precious gemstones like diamonds and sapphires. Some rocks are formed from the decay of organic materials as in the case of coal and peat. Even clocks use rocks in the form of quartz for their time keeping. Rocks will typically have more generic names like boulder, stone,pebble and mountain and do not usually have proper names such as copper or basalt.
Forms of rocks and their defining characteristics.
By definition minerals are naturally occurring substance made from geological processes that possess a characteristic chemical composition, a particular atomic structure and specific properties. Minerals can be anything from salt to aluminum and encompass a wide range of materials. Minerals allow for every industry to function and flourish in today's economy and are used in industries like road construction, building, medical remedies and skin care as well as defense and automobile production. A basic difference between rocks and minerals is that rocks are made up of two or more minerals but minerals are not made up of rocks. All minerals have proper names like aluminum and gallium and are formed by very specific processes.
Rocks are formed in one of three processes within the Earth;sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic. Sedimentary rocks are formed from the deposits of erosion by air and water as well as loose soil that has been compacted over long tacks of time and under pressure. Sandstone and limestone are commonly used sedimentary rocks. Igneous rocks are formed from heat and can be created above or below the ground via volcanic processes. As magma is cooled underground or lava cools on the surface igneous rocks are formed. There are four kinds of igneous rock called granite, scoria, pumice and obsidian. Metamorphic rocks are formed form other rocks changing or morphing into another type of rock. Through years of heat and pressure rocks change properties and forms into metamorphic rocks; examples are things like diamonds and coal. There are two types of metamorphic rocks called schist and gneiss.
A simple description of how rocks are formed and what they are called.
A simple list of the types of rocks and how they are formed and created in the Earth.
Certain kinds of rocks and minerals, such as gemstones, are highly prized when polished and cut. Gemstones are defined as a piece of rock or mineral that when polished is used in art and wholesale jewelry. A small circular saw is used to cut the gem into an approximate shape and is then taken to a grinder. In some instances the gems are tapped with a hammer to free loose bits of stone. Progressively the grinder used will have smaller and smaller grit to perform finer detailed cuts and facets of the stone. After the cutting has been approved and finished the polishing is performed. When finer abrasives are used the process is called sanding. Very fine grades of diamond grit are used to polish, and cut, the stone to a mirror shine and remove the marks of the cutting and grinding process.
3-The two main categories of igneous rocks are extrusive and intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed on the surface of the Earth from lava, which is magma that has emerged from underground. Intrusive rocks are formed from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust of the planet.
4-Uses of Rock
Rocks are used for masonry work, lintels, and vertical columns, covering floors of the building. Flags or thin slabs are used for paving, roofing, etc. ... Stone screenings are used as a natural substitute for sand. Limestone is the basic material for the manufacture of lime concrete and cement.
5-The fluctuating temperatures in the core depend on pressure, the rotation of the Earth, and the varying composition of core elements. In general, temperatures range from about 4,400° Celsius (7,952° Fahrenheit) to about 6,000° Celsius (10,800° Fahrenheit).
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Explanation: