Question

D. Give short answers for the following questions,
1. What were factories? Why were they called so?
2. What did the British stand to gain through the system of Subsidiary Alliance?
3. Discuss the growth of British influence with special reference to Mysore.
4. Why did the British need a large army? Describe the British army.​

Answer 1

Explanation:

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(1) They established their trading centers in different parts of the country, especially in the coastal areas. These centers were called 'factories'. It was so because the officials of the company were called 'factors'. Factories were the base on company traders known at that time as factors operated.

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(2) The British gained both territorially and financially through the system of subsidiary alliance. The Indian rulers who entered into subsidiary alliance were not allowed to have their own army. The East India Company maintained subsidiary forces on the behalf of these rulers and sought payment from them for the same through their Residents. Failure to make the payment resulted in a portion of their territory being taken away by the British. Thus, it led to revenues for the Company as well as annexation of large territories.

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(3) "Haider Ali" and his eldest son "Tipu Sultan" were the rulers of Mysore when the British influence was growing. They opposed the British and were close to the French. Infact, Tipu Sultan was trained in french style of military. Mysore played a large part in the spice trade which reaped great economic benefits. To expand their territory, four wars were fought between the two known as "Anglo-Mysore wars". These wars were fought between 1766- 1799. In the "fourth Anglo-Mysore war", Tipu Sultan was defeated and he died on "4th May, 1799".

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(4) The British needed a large army to secure their interests and fulfill their objective of achieving territorial control over areas where they conducted their trade. They needed to defend their factories and trading posts and expand their trade. Achieving political control was necessary to fulfill this aim.

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