Question

D. Long-Answer Questions
1. Describe the ultrastructure of a typical animal cell.
2. Write short notes on the following:
Golgi complex, mitochondria, ribosomes, nucleus,
chromosomes
Lo Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
4. Describe the basic structure of chromosomes.
5. Describe the structure and functions of nucleus.

Answer 1

Explanation:

1. Animal cells are typical of the eukaryotic cell, enclosed by a plasma membrane and containing a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. ... Most cells, both animaland plant, range in size between 1 and 100 micrometers and are thus visible only with the aid of a microscope

2. Nucleus:

the nucleas has a double layered covering called nuclear membrane. the nucleas contains chromosomes which are visible as a rod shaped structure only when the cell is about to divide. th e nucleas play an important role in cellular reproduction, the process by which a single cell divides to form 2 new cells.

Chromosomes:

chromosomes contain important information for the inheritance of characteristics from its parents to next generation in form of dna molecules. they are mainly composed of dna and proteins.

Ribosomes:

they are present in all active cells and are sites of protein manufacture. the manufactured proteins are then sent to various places in the cell depending upon the needs using ER.

Golgi:

it consists of systems of membrane bound vesicals arranged approximately parrel to each other in stacks called cisterns. these membrabes have connections with the membranes of ERs and therefore constitutes another portion of a complex cellular membrane system.

3. Prokaryotic cell - 1)- Nuclear membrane is absent .

2)- Membrane bound cell organelle are absent.

mesosome is formed in the place of mitochondria.

3)- Mitochondria is absent.

4)- sexual reproduction is absent.

5)- Double standard DNA

Example :- bacteria etc.

Eukaryotic cell :- 1)- Nuclear membrane is present.

2)- membrane bound cell organelles are present.

3)- mitochondria is present.

4)- sexual reproduction is present.

5)- circular standard DNA.

Example :- fungi

Prokaryotic Cell :-

4. In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure. ... DNA and histone proteins are packaged into structures called chromosomes.

5. The nucleus is a sphere-shaped organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It contains the genetic material of the cell in the form of nucleic acids. It is responsible for controlling all activities of the cell. and contains a nuclear membrane, chromosomes, nucleolus and nucleoplasm.

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