(D) The Civil Disobedience Movement was the first mass freedom movement in India in the true sense.
Justify the statement.
(for 5 marks)
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Answers
Answer:
The movement led by Gandhi is a touchstone for advocates of non-violent resistance today. But the conventional view overlooks the limitations of Gandhi’s political philosophy, and the importance of insurrectionary struggles that he opposed in the fight for Indian independence.
n 1959, Dr Martin Luther King Jr travelled to India in order to pay homage to its founding father, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. King credited Gandhi with the ability to “mobilize and galvanize more people in his lifetime than any other person in the history of the world.”
This was a bold statement, but not an implausible one, especially when we consider the transnational dimensions of Gandhi’s civil disobedience strategy, which had clearly inspired King himself.
The initial test of Gandhi’s strategy had been in South Africa, where he lived for more than twenty years, leading struggles of Indians in Natal and the Orange Free State for civil and political rights. Nelson Mandela, who later received the International Gandhi Peace Prize, drew inspiration from Gandhi, seeing him as the “archetypal anticolonial revolutionary” who was “no ordinary leader — divinely inspired.”
Mandela rightly stressed the importance of Gandhi’s time in South Africa for his political development, once remarking to an Indian audience: “You gave us Mohandas, we returned him to you as Mahatma.”
When Gandhi came back to India, hundreds of thousands committed themselves to mass civil disobedience in the fight for independence under his leadership. The Non-Cooperation campaign of 1920–22 involved a mass boycott of British goods. In its wake, the value of foreign cloth imports almost halved between 1920–21 and 1921–22. There were 396 strikes by Indians in 1921 involving 600,000 workers and a loss of seven million workdays, and an exodus of students from schools and colleges.
In 1930, Gandhi launched the civil disobedience movement, and the British authorities threw over 60,000 people in jail for non-payment of the colonial salt tax. In 1942, colonial officials detained and imprisoned more than 100,000 Indians in response to the Quit India agitation.
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