d). The ridership in metro has increased by 78% compared to people
Answers
Explanation:
Investments have remained sub-optimal Even what has been invested remains under-utilised
At the same time, modern transport systems becoming increasingly unaffordable for urban commuters – says new CSE study
Analysis released in International Conclave held in New Delhi
Lack of funding and pricing strategy for integrated public transport systems and services blocking progress. Public transport ridership sliding in cities, service providers running into losses, and services becoming unaffordable. No cohesive strategy to reverse this trend
National Transport Development Policy Committee says by 2031, Rs 10,900-18,500 billion needed for urban transport, of which 55 per cent for public transport
Of total allocation to Smart City scheme, share of urban transport projects is 21 per cent. Of this, road infrastructure takes 31 per cent; walking and cycling get only 8 per cent. Of total number of projects under AMRUT, only 7.4 per cent under urban transport, comprising only 1.75 per cent of the total cost of projects
Imbalanced investments: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs budget for Metro increased from 12 per cent in 2009 to 54 per cent in 2017. No commensurate increase for busesor for system integration – though buses carry several times more commuters
No strategy to increase ridership in cities. Ridership of Jaipur, Lucknow and Chennai Metros show a deficit of over 1,000 percentcompared with projected ridership
Modern public transport systems becoming unaffordable: 34 per cent of Delhi’s population excluded from basic non-AC bus services as it cannot afford them
Increase in Delhi Metro fareshas stirred larger policy questions: Should Metros seek to meet their costs from fares, or look at other financing methods and non-fare revenue?
Investments in transport systems cannot deliver if not supported by fiscal policies to mobilise resources,and keep fares affordable. Adopt innovative financing policy; ensure urban planning and transit-oriented development to increase ridership
NEW DELHI, SEPTEMBER 4-5, 2018
Towards Clean and Low Carbon Mobility: Addressing affordability and scaling up of sustainable transport, the new assessment by Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), germinated from a local concern – the turmoil over Metro fare hikes in Delhiin the not so distant past. Following which, CSE initiated a diagnostic analysis of what it takes to keep public transport and overall journey costs affordable for all city dwellers while modernizing the systems. This is needed to ensure that new investments in modern systems – be it the Metro, or bus rapid transit systems, or modern and electric buses – can lead to an effective shift in ridership from personal vehicles to public transport in all Indian cities.
ANSWER. IV. Who Will ride next year.
Explanation:
MARK ME BRAINLIST PLEASE