Question

D. thermal death time
11 Which of the following is not an aminoglycoside antibiotic?
A. Streptomycin
B. Neomycin
Cephalosporin
D. Kanamycin​

Answer 1

Explanation:

Aminoglycosides are natural or semisynthetic antibiotics derived from actinomycetes. They were among the first antibiotics to be introduced for routine clinical use and several examples have been approved for use in humans. They found widespread use as first-line agents in the early days of antimicrobial chemotherapy, but were eventually replaced in the 1980s with cephalosporins, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones. Aminoglycosides synergize with a variety of other antibacterial classes, which, in combination with the continued increase in the rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the potential to improve the safety and efficacy of the class through optimized dosing regimens, has led to a renewed interest in these broad-spectrum and rapidly bactericidal antibacterials.

Aminoglycosides are potent, broad-spectrum antibiotics that act through inhibition of protein synthesis. The class has been a cornerstone of antibacterial chemotherapy since streptomycin (was first isolated from Streptomyces griseus and introduced into clinical use in 1944. Several other members of the class . were introduced over the intervening years including neomycin (1949, S. fradiae), kanamycin (1957, S. kanamyceticus), gentamicin (1963, Micromonospora purpurea), netilmicin (1967, derived from sisomicin), tobramycin (1967, S. tenebrarius), and amikacin (1972, derived from kanamycin). A shift away from systemic use of the class began in the 1980s with the availability of the third-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones, which were perceived to be less toxic and/or provide broader coverage than the aminoglycosides. However, increasing resistance to these classes of drugs, combined with more extensive knowledge of the basis of aminoglycoside resistance, has led to renewed interest in the legacy aminoglycosides and the development of novel aminoglycosides such as arbekacin and plazomicin. These latter agents were designed to overcome common aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms thereby maintaining potency against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens.

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