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define moment of inertia of a particle!
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- Moment of inertia is defined as the quantity expressed by the body resisting angular acceleration which is the sum of the product of the mass of every particle with its square of a distance from the axis of rotation. Or in more simple terms, it can be described as a quantity that decides the amount of torque needed for a specific angular acceleration in a rotational axis. Moment of Inertia is also known as the angular mass or rotational inertia. The SI unit of moment of inertia is kg m2.
- Moment of inertia is usually specified with respect to a chosen axis of rotation. It mainly depends on the distribution of mass around an axis of rotation. MOI varies depending on the axis that is chosen.
➽ What are the Factors on which Moment of Inertia Depends?
The moment of inertia depends on the following factors,
- The density of the material
- Shape and size of the body
- Axis of rotation (distribution of mass relative to the axis)
We can further categorize rotating body systems as follows:
- Discrete (System of particles)
- Continuous (Rigid body)
➽ Moment of Inertia of a System of Particles
The moment of inertia of a system of particles is given by,
I = ∑ mi ri² [from equation ...[(1)]
where ri is the perpendicular distance from the axis to the ith particle which has mass mi.
The moment of inertia of continuous mass distribution is found by using the integration technique. If the system is divided into an infinitesimal element of mass ‘dm’ and if ‘x’ is the distance from the mass element to the axis of rotation, the moment of inertia is:
I = ∫ r²dm . . . . . (.3)