Question

Dalton's theory and drawbacks

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Answer 1

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Dalton's theory

Dalton's atomic theory proposed that all matter was composed of atoms, indivisible and indestructible building blocks. While all atoms of an element were identical, different elements had atoms of differing size and mass.

Drawbacks of Dalton's Atomic Theory

The indivisibility of an atom was proved wrong: an atom can be further subdivided into protons, neutrons and electrons. However an atom is the smallest particle that takes part in chemical reactions. According to Dalton, the atoms of same element are similar in all respects.

Answer 2

♧ ANSWER ♧

ACCORDING TO DALTON

POSTULATES.

• All matter is made up of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms.

• Atoms cannot neither be created nor destroyed. Furthermore, atoms cannot be divided into smaller particles.

• Atoms of different elements can combine with each other in fixed whole-number ratios in order to form compounds.

• Atoms can be rearranged, combined, or separated in chemical reactions.

LIMITATIONS.

• It does not account for subatomic particles: Dalton’s atomic theory stated that atoms were indivisible. However, the discovery of subatomic particles (such as protons, electrons, and neutrons) disproved this postulate.

• Elements need not combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds: Certain complex organic compounds do not feature simple ratios of constituent atoms. Example: sugar/sucrose (C11H22O11).

MERITS

• The law of multiple proportions, the law of conservation of mass, and the law of constant proportions are not violated by Dalton’s atomic theory.

• The theory provides a basis to differentiate between elements and compounds.

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