data analysis and presentation of covid-19 vaccination State wise
Answers
Step-by-step explanation:
The World Health Organization (WHO) on December 31, 2019, reported the occurrence of an unknown virus [1], which was then renamed by the International Committee as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) [2, 3]. Considering unprecedented mortality and morbidity due to COVID-19 and its impact on humankind, WHO declared it as a serious public health emergency of International concern on January 30, 2020 [4]. COVID-19 indicates the symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, difficult-to-tackle metabolic acidosis, and bleeding and coagulation dysfunction [5, 6]. The SARS-CoV-2 infected patients are mostly asymptomatic or generally experience mild symptoms that include fever, dry cough, fatigue, myalgia, and dyspepsia [7]. However, some patients in particular the elderly and patients with pre-existing illnesses (like hypertension, cardiac disease, lung disease, cancer, or diabetes) have been identified as potential risk factors for severe disease and mortality [8, 9]. According to some studies [10–12], the infection of COVID-19 mainly occurs through air droplets, close contact with infected persons, especially mucous membranes secretions from nose, mouth, or eyes, contaminated surfaces, digestive tract transmission and also reported that infected person can spread the disease to up to 3 other persons [13].
The countries with high advancement in health systems also faced the worst hit of disease as no proven treatments or reliable vaccines are available to control COVID-19.
Most countries have applied strict prevention and control measures to control the spread of COVID-19, which include general lockdown, obligatory home quarantine, a ban on public gatherings, international flight restrictions, etc. [14]. Also, effective preventive measures have been recommended to the public including hand washing, social distancing, mask-wearing, respiratory hygiene (covering mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing), household ventilation and disinfection, and reduction of interpersonal contacts by avoiding visiting crowded spaces [14, 15].
The little knowledge of disease, negative or casual approach and dangerous practices were the reasons for the spread of COVID-19 infection and subsequent outbreak propagation [16]. The knowledge, attitude, and practices of the community studied in Ethiopia regarding COVID-19 and results revealed that 53.7% of respondents had a negative attitude towards the COVID-19 pandemic [17]. The negative or casual approach of the communities and the relatively disadvantageous categories of society pose a social challenge as they underestimate the COVID-19 risk and keep themselves unaware of symptoms [18]. By implementing the knowledge, awareness, and practice (KAP) studies, it is required to understand the public knowledge, reactions, adherence to, and acceptance of measures that affect psychologically, socially, and physically the daily life of people [19, 20]. The information will improve the awareness level of the citizens and encourage positive attitudes, which could help them in the fight against COVID-19 and similar future threats [19–21].
Hitherto, several studies have investigated behavioral responses toward COVID-19 among the general population [22, 23] and in specific populations such as health care workers [24] and college students [25, 26]. In this study, we investigated the KAP towards the COVID-19 outbreak of marine fishers, who are involved in the high-risk occupation and depend on the vulnerable source of income of Maharashtra state in India, which significantly contribute to earn the foreign currency through their capture-based fishing activity. Maharashtra has seven coastal districts spread to 720 Km and 456 fishing villages with a total fisher population of about 4.50 lakhs [27]. For hundred years the fishing communities have been living and working along the coast of Maharashtra and have their way of life and a distinctive culture than the other communities. They live in tight clusters and are known for their unique culture & customs. The traditional fishing sector as, generally of a primitive character, operated by little informed, less organized group of people i.e. fishers and mostly with fewer traditional fishing equipment. Fisher folk remain remained marginalised and far away from the mainstream of development in-spite of the higher socio-economic progress the state has made as a whole. This is a first report aimed to assess the knowledge, awareness, and practices of marine fishers toward COVID-19, and it will probably help the Government and policymakers to initiate effective control measures on the spread of COVID-19 on one of the marginalized categories of society
