David walks 3 km north, and then turns east and walks 4 km. What is the distance?
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Answer:
7 km is the distance
Explanation:
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Using i and j as the unit vectors in the x- and y-directions, and taking east to be the x-direction, then the boy’s final position is
r = 4i + 3j
The magnitude of this vector is √(4^2 + 3^2) = 5
The angle of the boy is Tan^-1(4/3) = 53.13° east of north
So the boy’s final position is 5km from the starting point, 53.13° east of north.
Of course, we all recognized that it was a 3–4–5 triangle, but I used the vector approach (which is the correct approach) to demonstrate the method.
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