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Identifies historical and hterary sources and describes the use of various sources for
reorganization of history,
Answer the following questions.
which are the sources to know history? Give information about any one source
2 Which is the various historical information that we come to know from ancient
coins?
Explains the development of ancient human civilization and its charactersties
Do as directed.
Describe the following features of Harappan civilization in two to three sentences
1. House 2. Roads 3. Public Bath
How can you say that Lothal was a prosperous port of ancient India?
Answers
Answer: 2 -
The use of cast-metal pieces as a medium of exchange is very ancient and probably developed out of the use in commerce of ordinary ingots of bronze and other metals that possessed an intrinsic value. Until the development of bills of exchange in medieval Europe and paper currency in medieval China, metal coins were the only such medium. Despite their diminished use in most commercial transactions, coins are still indispensable to modern economies; in fact, their importance is growing as the result of the widespread use of coin-operated machines. For a discussion of paper currencies, see money.
Being made in most ages of precious metal, or alternatively possessing a substantial token value, coins have always been prized, often hoarded, and, therefore, frequently buried for safety. The contents of such savings banks have been dug up in all ages, so that the coins of past civilizations continue to be found in vast numbers. Studied alongside literary or archaeological evidence, they yield a wide range of information that is especially valuable for chronology and economic history. Coins may reflect the wealth and power of cities and states, and study of their distribution may help to define the physical extent of territorial dominion or to illustrate major commercial connections. Thus, the popularity in ancient times of Athenian coins in the Levant and of Corinthian silver in Magna Graecia (southern Italy) testifies to established trade links. Finds of early Roman imperial gold in India corroborate the reference of the Roman historian Pliny the Elder to the drain on Roman gold to pay for Indian and other Eastern luxuries. Likewise, huge finds of Arab silver coins in Scandinavia show the extent of trade, in particular the demand for furs by the ʿAbbāsid caliphs and the Sāmānid rulers of Iran. One result of such widespread commercial contacts is that certain currencies acquired special international preeminence. In ancient times, those of Athens, Corinth, and Philip II of Macedon were widely popular. The uniform coinage of Philip’s son Alexander the Great was struck at mints widely scattered throughout his vast empire and was universally accepted. In medieval times, the gold dinars (a term derived from the Roman denarius) of the early caliphs and the gold ducats of Florence and Venice played a similar role—as did the silver dollars of Mexico, the Maria Theresa of Austria, and the gold sovereigns of Great Britain in modern times. Moreover, the study of depreciation and debasement of coinage may illuminate past national
3 - A civilization is a complex culture in which large numbers of human beings share a number of common elements. Historians have identified the basic characteristics of civilizations. Six of the most important characteristics are: cities, government, religion, social structure, writing and art.
4- public path:-
The Great Bath is part of a large citadel complex that was found in the 1920s during excavations of Mohenjo-daro, one of the main centres of the Indus civilization. The bath is built of fine brickwork and measures 897 square feet (83 square metres). It is 8 feet (2.5 metres) lower than the surrounding pavement.
house:-
The structures in the Harappan cities were built of mud bricks, baked bricks and stones.
roads:-
Street paving has been found from the first human settlements around 4000 BC in cities of the Indus Valley Civilization
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Explanation: