Dead load is attached to wires initially. give reason
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defines dead load as consisting "... of the weight of all materials of construction incorporated into the building...". This is generally considered to mean that anything that is a fixed part of the structure is a dead load. To be considered dead load, an item must be physically attached to the structure.
One test that generally works is that if it can be moved without cutting it loose or detaching it from the structure then it is not a dead load.
Items that can be considered to be dead load include construction materials that make up the building (beams, columns, floor systems, ceiling systems, wall systems, doors, windows, floor coverings, wall coverings, cabinets, and the like) and permanently attached equipment such as heating and ventilating systems, electrical trays, piping, etc.
Items that are not considered to be dead load include such things as movable shelving, desks, chairs, beds, chests, books, copiers, stored items, or anything else that can or may be moved around during the life of the structure.
One feature of dead loads is that they are the weights of the final structure. This creates a bit of a dilemma for the design engineer. The engineer must know the weights of the structure in order to design it, but the engineer also needs the final structure to accurately define the weights! At the beginning of the design process, the framing and other structural elements are all unknown, however the weight is needed to determine the internal forces for the members being designed. The solution to this dilemma often involves a few iterations where an educated guess is made as to where the design will end up, compute the dead loads based on this estimate, select members based on the estimated loads, recompute the dead loads, then continue the cycle until member sizes don't change.
One test that generally works is that if it can be moved without cutting it loose or detaching it from the structure then it is not a dead load.
Items that can be considered to be dead load include construction materials that make up the building (beams, columns, floor systems, ceiling systems, wall systems, doors, windows, floor coverings, wall coverings, cabinets, and the like) and permanently attached equipment such as heating and ventilating systems, electrical trays, piping, etc.
Items that are not considered to be dead load include such things as movable shelving, desks, chairs, beds, chests, books, copiers, stored items, or anything else that can or may be moved around during the life of the structure.
One feature of dead loads is that they are the weights of the final structure. This creates a bit of a dilemma for the design engineer. The engineer must know the weights of the structure in order to design it, but the engineer also needs the final structure to accurately define the weights! At the beginning of the design process, the framing and other structural elements are all unknown, however the weight is needed to determine the internal forces for the members being designed. The solution to this dilemma often involves a few iterations where an educated guess is made as to where the design will end up, compute the dead loads based on this estimate, select members based on the estimated loads, recompute the dead loads, then continue the cycle until member sizes don't change.
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