Question

Deference between autrotroph and hetrotrop​

Answer 1

Answer:

Autotrophs

• The autotroph is made up of two words; ‘auto’ meaning self and ‘troph’ meaning food.
• Autotrophs are thus, capable of producing their own food without any assistance from others.
• Autotrophs are also called ‘producers’ as they form the base of ecological food chains and are responsible for all other food for all other organisms.
• These organisms are extremely important as all other life forms depend directly or indirectly on these organisms for food and energy.
• The most commonly known autotrophs are plants; however, several other varieties of autotrophs are found in nature, ranging from algae, phytoplankton, and some bacteria.
• Most autotrophs use photosynthesis to convert solar energy to chemical energy, but various autotrophs also utilize other processes like phototrophy and chemotrophy.
• All green plants contain chlorophyll as the photosynthetic pigment for the process of photosynthesis. Other pigments like bacterial rhodopsin and carotenoids are also found in some bacteria, algae, and phytoplankton for photosynthesis.
• Some rare autotrophs generate food by the process of chemosynthesis which derives the energy from chemical reactions, rather than sunlight.
• Organisms performing chemosynthesis live in extreme environments where the toxic chemicals necessary for the reactions are found. Bacteria found in volcanoes use sulfur to produce their food.
• Autotrophs form the first trophic level in the food chain. These organisms are then eaten by herbivores which form the second trophic level and so on.
• An increase in the number of autotrophs eventually increases the number of consumers. Meanwhile, a decrease in the number of autotrophs causes starvation to all other trophic levels.

Heterotrophs

• The term heterotroph is made up of two words; ‘hetero’ meaning others and ‘troph’ meaning food.
• Heterotrophs are also called consumers as they consume food prepared by autotrophs. These organisms form higher trophic levels in the food cycle.
• Heterotrophs are further divided into two types based on the source of their energy. Photoheterotrophs obtain their energy from light but depend on producers for their carbon source.
• Chemoheterotrophs, in turn, obtain both their energy and carbon from other producers.
• Some heterotrophs directly depend on autotrophs for their food like herbivores feeding on plants. Other heterotrophs indirectly depend on the producers by feeding on the first type of heterotrophs.
• Most heterotrophs depend on the process of photosynthesis in a number of different ways. In addition to providing the energy and food, photosynthesis also provides oxygen tot eh heterotrophs.
• The reduced carbon compounds formed by autotrophs are then oxidized by heterotrophs to produce energy for their growth and reproduction.
• Heterotrophic nutrition is further divided into three types; saprotrophic nutrition, parasitic nutrition, and holozoic nutrition.
• Saprotrophs are the type of heterotrophs that feed on the dead and decaying organic materials as a source of energy, carbon, and nutrients.
• Holozoic organisms are another group of heterotrophs that consume solid food from other organisms and break down the food into smaller particles before they are transported to different parts of the body.
• Parasites are heterotrophs that are entirely dependent on other organisms for all forms of nutrition. In this association, the parasite is benefitted, whereas the host is not.

Answer 2

Explanation:

autotrophs :

• usually member of the plant Kingdom and certain unicellular organisms .
• autographs are produces which prepare their own food
• chloroplast helps in preparing foods
• they can store light energy and chemical energy

heterotrophs :

• all members of the animal kingdom
• heheterotrophs are the consumers who depend on others sources of for their food
• they do not contain chloroplast so cannot prepare food
• cannot store energy

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