Deficiency disease and symtoms caused due to VITAMIN E , VITAMIN K , VITAMIN B3 , VITAMIN B12, Sodium , phosphorus
Answers
Answer:
There are 13 essential vitamins (A, B, C, D, E, and K, with 8 vitamins in the B complex) and many minerals the body requires for optimal health. If you eat a balanced, healthy diet, you are probably already getting adequate amounts of the essential nutrients your body needs to function at its best level.
Vitamins and Minerals: What’s the Difference?
Vitamins are made by living things, while minerals are found in the earth. For example, carrots produce beta carotene, which the body turns into vitamin A; minerals, such as iron and copper, can be found in soil and rock. Vitamins are much more delicate than minerals and can break down with heat or age, and they are organic; minerals are inorganic, making their chemical form more simple than that of vitamins.
Whereas all vitamins are needed by the body, only some minerals are required for nutrition. Examples of necessary minerals include calcium, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, and zinc.
Calcium: An Important Mineral for All Age Groups
Calcium is necessary for strong bones and health, is needed for blood to clot, and helps nerves to send messages and muscles to contract. People of all ages are encouraged to meet their recommended dietary allowance for calcium (Online Table 2), particularly those at highest risk for low calcium intake from food: children 9 years and older, adolescent girls, adult women, and adults 51 years and older.
Vitamins A, D, E, and K, the fat-soluble vitamins, bind to fat in the stomach and are then stored in fatty tissues and the liver. These vitamins are not excreted readily, and when taken in excess, they can build up in the body and lead to unwanted, and potentially dangerous, adverse effects.
Antioxidants
Antioxidants are substances that may prevent or delay some types of cell damage by counteracting free radicals— chemicals that can harm cells. Examples of antioxidants include vitamins A, C, and E; beta carotene; lycopene; and selenium. Antioxidants have been credited with a number of health benefits ranging from reducing the signs of aging to preventing certain cancers and Alzheimer’s disease.
Vitamin A
Widely known for its importance to good vision, vitamin A also supports the immune system and is necessary for a healthy pregnancy. Vitamin A deficiency is rare in the United States; it is largely a problem of developing countries.3
Vitamin A can come from both plant and animal sources. Plant sources include leafy green vegetables and orange and yellow fruits and vegetables.
Vitamin B
The B complex family of vitamins is made up of 8 B vitamins, each of which performs a different important function throughout the body (Online Table 3).
Table 3: B Vitamins
Vitamin B12 is important for nerve function and development. A deficiency can cause symptoms such as numbness, weakness, difficulty walking, yellowed skin, and memory loss.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C is necessary for growth and repair of tissues in all parts of the body. You may have also seen ads touting the benefits of vitamin C during cold and flu season, but these claims continue to be the source of great debate.
Vitamin D
Research conducted over the past decade suggests that vitamin D, besides building strong bones, may play an important role in preventing and treating a number of serious long-term health problems, such as osteoporosis, heart disease, some cancers, and multiple sclerosis.
Vitamin D is both a nutrient in food and a hormone our bodies make through sun exposure. It is important for bone health because one of its main functions is helping the body absorb calcium. Few foods are naturally rich in vitamin D.
Vitamin E
Vitamin E is used for cell communication, to strengthen the immune system, and to form red blood cells.
Vitamin E is found naturally in foods and is added to some fortified foods. You can get the recommended daily amount of vitamin E by eating a variety of foods, such as vegetable oils, nuts and seeds, green vegetables, and enriched cereals.
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is a group name for a number of compounds that help the body make proteins necessary for blood clotting. Because of this role, vitamin K is used to reverse the anticoagulant effects of blood thinners when too much is given.