define 1 volt from the equation V=IR
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One volt is the potential difference across 1 ohm resistor when 1 A current passes through it.
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Explanation:
Current
Current is a measure of the flow of electric charge through a material. A material that can carry a flow of charge is called a conductor. Current is defined as the amount of charge that flows through a conductor in a certain amount of time. The unit of current is the Ampere (A), which is equal to one Coulomb per second (Coulomb is the unit of charge),
The symbol I is used to represent current (though J is often used in engineering sources). The current I through a conductor depends on its area A, the concentration n of charge carriers, the magnitude of the charge q of each carrier, and the magnitude of their average (or "drift") velocity vd,
Current density is the amount of current flowing through a conductor divided by its area,
The direction of the flow of current is defined in terms of a flow of positive charges (even if the actual charge carriers are negative). The unit of current density is Amperes per meter squared (A/m2).
Resistivity
Some conductors carry charge more easily than others. The resistivity of a material describes how easily charge can flow. Good conductors have a small resistivity, and good insulators have a large resistivity. The resistivity ρ (the Greek letter "rho") is equal to magnitude of the electric field in the material divided by the current density,
The unit for the magnitude of an electric field is a Volt per meter (V/m), and the unit of current density is an Ampere per meter squared (A/m2), and so the unit for resistivity is a Volt-meter per Ampere,
Many conductors follow Ohm's Law. Materials that follow Ohm's law have a constant resistivity no matter what the values of the electric field E and current density J are. The formulas related to circuits are true for "Ohmic" materials, and "non-Ohmic" materials are not discussed in this course.
The resistivity of an Ohmic conductor depends on the temperature of the material. The temperature-dependent resistivity ρ(T) can be found using the formula,
This formula requires ρ0, the resistivity at a reference temperature T0. The temperature coefficient of resistivity α is different for every material. For temperatures in degrees Celsius (℃), the temperature coefficient of resistivity has units 1/℃ = (℃)(-1)
Resistance
Resistivity is a property of a type of material, but resistance is a property of a certain piece of that material. The resistance of a piece of conductor depends on its length L, area A, and resistivity ρ,
The unit of resistance is the Ohm, which is represented with the Greek letter Ω ("omega"). One Ohm is equal to one Volt per Ampere,
Resistance depends on temperature in the same way as resistivity,
This formula requires R0, the resistance at a reference temperature T0. The temperature coefficient α is different for every material, as described in the Resistance section.
A resistor is a device that is used in electric circuits, and has a certain fixed resistance. Resistors are made by choosing a piece of material with a certain resistivity, length, and area, and wrapping it in an insulator with wires leading out of each end. In circuit diagrams, it is represented with the symbol,
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