define 5 types of stars..
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Answers
Main Sequence Stars
The main sequence stars are powered by the fusion of hydrogen into helium in their cores. About 90% of the stars in the Universe are main-sequence stars, including our sun. They usually range from one-tenth to 200 times the Sun’s mass.
Blue Stars
These types of stars are quite rare with spectral types of either O or B. Their temperatures are around 30.000 K, with luminosities around 100 to 1 million times that of the Sun. They usually have a mass around 2.5 to 90 times that of the sun and last about 40 million years
They usually reside in the arms of spiral galaxies and are characterized by the strong Helium-II absorption lines in their spectra. They have weaker hydrogen and neutral helium lines in their spectra than B-type stars.
Because of their mass and temperature, they have short life spans that end in a supernova explosion resulting in either black holes or neutron stars. Some examples of blue stars: Delta Circini, V560 Carinae, Theta1 Orionis C.
Yellow Dwarfs
Yellow dwarfs have a 10% prevalence, with a spectral type G. They have temperatures between 5.200 K to 7.500 K, with luminosities around 0.6 to 5.0 that of the Sun. They have a mass of around 0.8 to 1.4 that of the sun and last about 4 to 17 billion years.
These stars are mistakenly referred to as G-type stars. Our Sun is a G-type star, but it is in fact white. G-type stars convert hydrogen into helium and usually evolve into red giants when their hydrogen fuel is exhausted. Some examples are: Alpha Centauri A, Tau Ceti.
Orange Dwarfs
These stars have a prevalence of around 10%, with a spectral type K. They have temperatures between 3.700 K to 5.200 K, with luminosities around 0.08 to 0.6 that of the Sun. They have a mass of 0.45 to 0.8 that of our sun and last around 15 to 30 billion years.
They emit less UV radiation and remain stable for long periods of time making them very favorable for exoplanets that might reside in their habitable zone. They are about four times as common as G-type stars. Some examples of orange dwarf stars are: Alpha Centauri B, Epsilon Indi.
Red Dwarfs
These stars have a prevalence of around 73%, with either spectral types K and M. Their temperatures are usually around 4.000 K, with luminosities around 0.0001 to 0.8 that of the Sun. They have a mass of 0.08 to 0.45 that of our sun and last around several trillion years.
They account for the bulk of the Milky Way’s stellar population, though they are very dim. If red dwarfs are more massive than 0.35 solar masses, they convert hydrogen into helium both in their core and throughout. Because of this, the nuclear fusion process is slowed down and even prolonged. They live for so long that no red dwarf has reached an advanced stage of evolution since the Universe was created. Some examples are: Proxima Centauri, Trappist-1.
Giants and Supergiants
When a star runs out of hydrogen it begins to burn its helium thus it transforms into either a giant or supergiant star. Its core collapses and it gets hotter, resulting in the outer layer to expand outwards. Stars that are either low or medium in mass evolved into red giants. Stars with high-mass, around 10+ times bigger than the Sun, become red supergiants.
During periods of slow fusion, the star can contract itself and become a blue supergiant. This color is usually present when temperatures are spread over a small surface area, making them hotter. Oscillations between red and blue can also occur.
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Answer:
There is more than one way to group stars. For example, they may be grouped by where they appear on a plot of luminosity vs. spectral class, called the Hertzsprung-Russel (H-R) diagram. They may be grouped by spectral type (of which there are 7), or some other way. The H-R diagram has 4 groups: